Abavelisi beMpahla abaNganyangekiyo kuMlilo abaPhezulu: Ukukhusela iiNgcali kwiiNdawo ezinobungozi

Kwiindawo ezinobungozi apho iingcali zijongene nesoyikiso esiqhubekayo seziganeko ezinxulumene nomlilo, ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela kubalulekile. Kulapho abavelisi bempahla abaxhathisa umlilo beza phezulu, benikezela ngezisombululo ezintsha zokugcina abasebenzi bekhuselekile emsebenzini. Ukusuka kwizinto ezihlala ixesha elide ukuya kuyilo olutsha, ezi nkampani ziphambili ekuqinisekiseni impilo-ntle yabo babeka ubomi babo esichengeni yonke imihla. Jonga inqaku lethu ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nendlela aba bavelisi benza ngayo umahluko ekukhuseleni iingcali kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

- Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwempahla yokumelana nomlilo kwiindawo ezinobungozi

Abavelisi bempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lweengcali ezisebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Aba benzi bempahla bavelisa iimpahla ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukukhusela abo bazinxibileyo kwiingozi zobushushu obugqithiseleyo namadangatye. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo kwiindawo ezinobungozi kubalulekile kubaqeshi nakubasebenzi.

Kwiindawo ezinobungozi ezifana neendawo zokuhluza ioli, izityalo zemichiza, kunye nemisebenzi yokucima umlilo, umngcipheko womlilo kunye nokuqhuma kuhlala kukho. Ngaphandle kwempahla ekhuselayo efanelekileyo, abasebenzi basengozini yokwenzakala kakhulu okanye nokufa. Abavelisi bempahla yokumelana nomlilo basebenza ngokunyanisekileyo ukudala iingubo ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nomlilo, ukubonelela ngoluhlu olubalulekileyo lokukhusela abo basebenza kwezi meko eziyingozi.

Omnye wabavelisi bempahla abaphezulu abachasene nomlilo kwishishini yiDuPont, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Nomex kunye neKevlar yabo entsha. Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nedangatye, zibonelela ngomqobo phakathi komntu onxibileyo kunye nobushushu obukhulu bomlilo. Isinxibo saseDuPont esikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo sithenjwa ziingcali kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nomkhosi, ukucima umlilo, kunye nokuvelisa.

Omnye umenzi ohamba phambili kwishishini lempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo yiCarhartt, inkampani eyaziwayo ngempahla yayo yokusebenza ehlala ixesha elide kunye nenqabileyo. Isinxibo seCarhartt esimelana nedangatye sidibana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko ngelixa sikwakhululekile kwaye sisebenza kwabo basebenza kwindawo enenkani. Ngokugxininisa kumgangatho kunye nokuqina, uCarhartt uqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zabo ezichasene nomlilo ziyakwazi ukumelana nobunzima bomsebenzi.

Ukongeza kwiDuPont kunye neCarhartt, abanye abavelisi bempahla abaphezulu abaxhathisa umlilo baquka iBulwark, Wrangler, kunye neWorkrite. Ezi nkampani zivelisa uluhlu olubanzi lweempahla ezichasene nomlilo, kubandakanywa iingubo, iibhatyi, ibhulukwe kunye neehempe. Isambatho ngasinye senziwe ngononophelo ukuze sinikeze ukhuseleko oluphezulu ngaphandle kokuncama induduzo okanye ukuhamba.

Ukubaluleka kwempahla yokumelana nomlilo kwiindawo ezinobungozi akunakugqithiswa. Ngokunxiba iimpahla ezenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, iingcali ziyakwazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala kwaye zihlale zikhuselekile ngelixa zisemsebenzini. Abaqeshi banoxanduva lokubonelela abasebenzi babo iimpahla ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela, kwaye ukukhetha umenzi wempahla okwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo ohloniphekileyo kungundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabasebenzi babo.

Ukuqukumbela, abavelisi bempahla yokumelana nomlilo badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iingcali kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kwempahla yokumelana nomlilo kunye nokukhetha izambatho eziphezulu ezivela kubavelisi abaphezulu, abaqeshi banokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi babo xa bejongene neemeko eziyingozi. Ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela, iingcali zinokujolisa kwimisebenzi yazo zisazi ukuba zikuxhobele kakuhle ukujongana nayo nayiphi na imiceli mngeni ezayo.

-Iimpawu eziphambili ekufuneka uzijonge xa ​​ukhetha impahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo

Kwiindawo zanamhlanje zemizi-mveliso nezinobungozi, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwabasebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Impahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo sisiqwenga esibalulekileyo sesixhobo sokukhusela esinokuthi sithintele ukwenzakala kakhulu kwaye sisindise nobomi xa kuthe kwakho umlilo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo. Ngoluhlu olubanzi lwabavelisi bempahla yokumelana nomlilo kwiimarike, kunokuba nzima ukukhetha okulungileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile. Kule nqaku, siza kuxubusha iimpawu eziphambili ekufuneka zijongwe xa ukhetha abavelisi bempahla yokumelana nomlilo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi abasebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha umenzi wempahla echasene nomlilo linqanaba lokhuseleko lwempahla yabo. Khangela abavelisi abathobela imigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nemimiselo, njenge-NFPA (i-National Fire Protection Association) okanye i-ASTM (uMbutho waseMelika woVavanyo kunye neZixhobo). Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuba iingubo ziye zavavanywa ngokungqongqo kwaye zihlangabezana nemilinganiselo efunekayo yokumelana nomlilo.

Olunye uphawu olubalulekileyo ekufuneka luqwalaselwe zizinto ezisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo. Khangela abavelisi abasebenzisa umgangatho ophezulu, izinto ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo ezifana ne-Nomex, i-Kevlar, okanye i-cotton ephathwa nge-Proban. Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukujamelana namaqondo aphezulu kwaye zinikeze ukhuseleko oluphezulu kumalangatye kunye nobushushu. Ukongeza, iimpahla kufuneka zikhululeke ukunxiba kwaye zivumele ukuhamba ngokulula ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banokwenza imisebenzi yabo ngaphandle kwemida.

Ukuqina kwakhona yinto ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha umenzi wempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo. Impahla kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nokuguga rhoqo kunye nokukrazula, kunye nokubonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwidangatye kunye nobushushu. Khangela abavelisi abasebenzisa i-stitching eqinisiweyo kunye neendwangu ezihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala ixesha elide. Ukongeza, qwalasela iwaranti yomenzi kunye nophononongo lwabathengi ukujonga umgangatho uwonke kunye nokuqina kweemveliso zabo.

Iinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso lelinye inqaku elibalulekileyo ekufuneka lijongwe xa ukhetha umenzi wempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo. Ekubeni yonke indawo yokusebenza yahlukile, impahla inokufuna ukulungiswa ukuze ilingane neemfuno ezithile. Khangela abavelisi ababonelela ngeendlela zokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ezifana nokulinganisa, imibala, kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo zokhuseleko ukuze ulungelelanise impahla kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.

Ukuqukumbela, xa ukhetha umenzi wempahla yokumelana nomlilo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inqanaba lokhuseleko, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukuqina, kunye neendlela zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezinikezelwayo. Ngokukhetha umenzi othembekileyo obeka phambili ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho, iingcali ezisebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi zinokuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yazo kunye nokhuseleko ngelixa zisemsebenzini. Hlala ukhuselekile, hlala ukhuselekile kunye nomenzi wempahla ochasene nomlilo ofanelekileyo.

-Abenzi bempahla abaphezulu abaxhathisa umlilo kunye neemveliso zabo ezintsha

Kwiindawo ezinobungozi ezifana nokucinywa komlilo, izicwangciso zoshishino, kunye nokuhlolwa kweoli kunye negesi, ukubaluleka kwempahla yokumelana nomlilo ayikwazi ukugqithisa. Ezi zambatho ezikhethekileyo zenzelwe ukukhusela iingcali kwiingozi zamadangatye, ubushushu, kunye neentlantsi, ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwazo ngelixa zisebenza kwiimeko ezinobungozi obukhulu. Eli nqaku liphonononga abavelisi bempahla abaphezulu abaxhathisa umlilo kunye neemveliso zabo ezintsha eziguqula indlela iingcali zihlala zikhuselekile kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Omnye wabavelisi abahamba phambili bempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo kolu shishino yiWorkrite Uniform Company. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 yamava ekuqulunqeni nasekuveliseni iimpahla ezikhuselayo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, i-Workrite inikezela ngeempahla ezininzi ezinokumelana nomlilo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko efunekayo kwiindawo ezinobungozi zokusebenza. Iimveliso zabo ezintsha zenziwe ngezinto ezomeleleyo ezinika intuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko, ziqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banokwenza imisebenzi yabo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko lwabo.

Omnye umdlali obalulekileyo kwishishini lempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo nguCarhartt, uphawu olwaziwayo oluye lwafana nempahla yokusebenza esemgangathweni ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Umgca weCarhartt wempahla ekwazi ukumelana nedangatye yenzelwe ukumelana nezona meko zinzima, inika ukhuseleko olungenakuthelekiswa nanto kumlilo nakubushushu. Iimveliso zabo ezintsha zenziwe ngezinto eziphucukileyo zombini zikhaphukhaphu kwaye ziphefumla, zivumela iingcali ukuba zihlale zikhululekile ngelixa zihlala zikhuselekile emsebenzini.

Ukongeza kwi-Workrite kunye neCarhartt, kukho abanye abavelisi bempahla abaxhathisa umlilo abenza amaza kwishishini ngeemveliso zabo ezintsha. Enye yezo nkampani yiBulwark FR, egxile ekuyileni iimpahla ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo kumashishini amaninzi, ukusuka kwi-oyile kunye negesi ukuya kwizinto zombane. Iingubo zabo ezinqamlekileyo zenziwa kwiingubo zanamhlanje ezibonelela ngokukhusela amalangatye kunye nokushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingcali ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzithemba kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Omnye umdlali ophawulekayo kwindawo yempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo yiNkampani kaTyndale, ishishini lentsapho ebisoloko ibonelela ngempahla ekhuselayo ekumgangatho ophezulu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30. Iimveliso ezintsha zikaTyndale ziyilwe ngobuchwephesha bamva nje bezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nedangatye, zinika ukhuseleko olungenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye nokuqina kubasebenzi abakwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ukuzibophezela kwabo kukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho kubenze igama elithembekileyo kwishishini, kunye neengcali ezixhomekeke kwiimpahla zabo ukuze zigcinwe zikhuselekile ngelixa zisemsebenzini.

Ngokubanzi, abavelisi abaphezulu beempahla ezichasene nomlilo bahamba phambili kwizinto ezintsha kwishishini, ngokuqhubekayo betyhala imida yokhuseleko kunye nokukhusela iingcali ezisebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ngezixhobo zabo eziphucukileyo, uyilo oluphambili, kunye nokuzinikela okungagungqiyo kumgangatho, ezi nkampani ziguqula indlela abasebenzi abahlala ngayo bekhuselekile ngelixa besenza imisebenzi yabo. Nokuba kukucima umlilo, umsebenzi wefektri, okanye ukuhlola i-oyile negesi, iingcali zinokuthembela kwiimveliso ezintsha ezivela kwaba bavelisi abaphezulu ukuzigcina zikhuselekile nakwezona meko ziyingozi kakhulu.

-Impahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo ivavanywa kwaye iqinisekiswa njani ukhuseleko lokugqibela

Impahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo iye yaba sisiqwenga esibalulekileyo sezixhobo zokukhusela iingcali ezisebenza kwindawo ezinobungozi. Ngokunyuka kwamaxesha omlilo kwiindawo zoshishino, kubalulekile ukuba abasebenzi babe nokufikelela kwiimpahla eziphezulu ze-flame-retardant ezinokumelana nokushisa okukhulu kwaye zinikeze ukhuseleko lokugqibela. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga abavelisi bempahla abaxhathisa umlilo abazinikele ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwezi meko ziyingozi.

Enye yeenkalo eziphambili zempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo yindlela evavanywa ngayo kwaye iqinisekiswa ukuba ikhuselwe kakhulu. Impahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo iphantsi kweenkqubo zovavanyo olungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko efunekayo. Abavelisi basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya ukujonga ukusebenza kwempahla yabo ekukhuseleni amadangatye, ubushushu, kunye nezinye iingozi. Olunye uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-ASTM D6413, oluvavanya ukukwazi kwempahla ukumelana namadangatye, kunye nomgangatho weNFPA 2112, ovavanya ukusebenza kwempahla ngokubanzi kwiimeko zokuvezwa komlilo.

Ukongeza ekuvavanyeni, abavelisi bempahla yokumelana nomlilo nabo bahamba nenkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso zabo. Isatifikethi senziwa ngokuqhelekileyo yimibutho yangaphandle esebenza ngokukodwa kwimigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nemimiselo. Ezinye zezona ziqinisekiso ziyaziwa kakhulu zibandakanya i-UL (i-Underwriters Laboratories) kunye ne-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Isatifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba impahla yokumelana nomlilo ihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno eziyimfuneko kwaye ikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni umenzi wempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo, kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Enye into ebalulekileyo ngumgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiimpahla. Iingubo eziphezulu eziphezulu ezifana ne-Nomex, i-Kevlar, kunye ne-Proban zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiingubo ezichasene nomlilo ngenxa yokukwazi ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu kunye nomlilo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha umenzi osebenzisa izinto eziphezulu zokuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwempahla.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ludumo kunye nerekhodi yomenzi. Khangela abavelisi abanerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yokuvelisa iimpahla ezinokwethenjelwa kunye nezisebenzayo zokumelana nomlilo. Uphononongo lophando kunye nobungqina obuvela kwezinye iingcali kwishishini ukufumana umbono wodumo lomenzi womgangatho kunye nokuthembeka.

Ukuqukumbela, iimpahla ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iingcali ezisebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ukukhetha umenzi wempahla othembekileyo nothembekileyo okwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabasebenzi. Ngokuqonda indlela iimpahla zokulwa nomlilo zivavanywa kwaye ziqinisekiswa ukuze zikhuseleke ngokugqithiseleyo, iingcali zinokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi xa zikhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela iimfuno zabo. Hlala ukhuselekile kwaye ukhuselwe ngempahla esemgangathweni yokumelana nomlilo evela kubavelisi abaphezulu kwishishini.

- Impembelelo yempahla yokumelana nomlilo kukhuseleko kunye nemveliso kwimisebenzi enobungozi

Abavelisi bempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iingcali ezisebenza kwiindawo eziyingozi. Ukusuka kubacimi bomlilo ukuya kubasebenzi bezoshishino, ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela zingenza impembelelo ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko kunye nemveliso. Kule nqaku, siza kuphonononga abavelisi abaphezulu bempahla yomlilo kunye nendlela iimveliso zabo zenza ngayo umahluko kubomi balabo abajongene neemeko ezinobungozi imihla ngemihla.

Enye yezinto eziphambili ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwimisebenzi eyingozi ngumgangatho wempahla yabo yokukhusela. Impahla yokumelana nomlilo yenzelwe ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye namadangatye, inika umaleko wokhuselo malunga nobushushu kunye nokulimala okunxulumene nomlilo. Abavelisi abaphezulu kweli shishini bachithe iminyaka befezekisa iimveliso zabo, besebenzisa izinto eziphambili kunye nobuchwepheshe bokudala iimpahla ezinikezela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko.

Omnye umenzi onjalo yiDuPont, eyaziwa ngamalaphu abo eNomex kunye neKevlar. Ezi zixhobo zixhathisa kakhulu ukushisa kunye nomlilo, okwenza zibe zilungele abacimi bomlilo, abasebenzi basemkhosini, kunye nezinye iingcali ezijongene neengozi zomlilo rhoqo. Ukuzibophelela kukaDuPont kuphando nakuphuhliso kuye kwakhokelela ekudalweni kwezona mpahla ziphezulu zokumelana nomlilo kwimarike, zivumela iingcali ukuba zigxile emsebenzini wazo ngokuzithemba.

Omnye umenzi ohamba phambili kwishishini lempahla yokumelana nomlilo nguCarhartt, uphawu oluthenjwe ngabasebenzi ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Umgca wempahla okwaziyo ukumelana namadangatya eCarhartt yenzelwe ukuthuthuzeleka okuphezulu kunye nokuqina, inolwakhiwo olumagingxigingxi kunye nokomelezwa kwesicwangciso kwiindawo ezinxitywa kakhulu. Izambatho zabo zenziwe ngobunjineli ngokukodwa ukuze zihlangabezane nemimiselo kunye nemigangatho yoshishino, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakhuselekile nakwiindawo ezinzima kakhulu.

Ukongeza ekukhuseleni emlilweni nakubushushu, abavelisi bempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo babeka phambili izinto ezinjengokuphefumla, ukuchama ukufuma, kunye nokuba bhetyebhetye. Iingcali ezinxiba ezi mpahla kufuneka zikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwaye zikhululekile ngelixa zisemsebenzini, ngaphandle kokuziva zithintelwe ngezixhobo zabo zokukhusela. Abavelisi abafana ne-Bulwark kunye ne-Ariat bayayiqonda le mfuno, ukudala iimpahla ezingaphumeleli kuphela iimfuno zokhuseleko kodwa ziphucula ukusebenza kunye nemveliso jikelele.

Impembelelo yempahla yokumelana nomlilo ekukhuseleni nasekuveliseni ayinakugqithiswa. Ngokwenza utyalo-mali kwizixhobo zokhuselo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezivela kubavelisi abathembekileyo, iingcali kubuchwephesha obuyingozi banokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala kunye neengozi, okubavumela ukuba bagxile kwimisebenzi yabo ngaphandle koloyiko lokwenzakala. Kwiindawo ezikhawulezayo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu apho aba basebenzi basebenza khona, ukuba nezixhobo zokhuseleko ezithembekileyo ziyimfuneko kwintlalontle yabo kunye nempumelelo yemisebenzi yabo.

Ukuqukumbela, abavelisi bempahla yokumelana nomlilo badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iingcali ezisebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ngokwenza iimpahla eziphucukileyo, ezihlala zihleli, kwaye zikhululekile, aba bavelisi benza impembelelo ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni nasekuveliseni kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela kwiimpawu ezithembekileyo zingenza wonke umehluko kubasebenzi abajongene neengozi zomlilo rhoqo.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, abavelisi bempahla abaphezulu abachasene nomlilo badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iingcali ezisebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ngokubonelela ngezinxibo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezintsha, nezithembekileyo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo, ezi nkampani zinceda ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabasebenzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nemathiriyeli, ikamva lijongeka lithembisa ngakumbi kunye nempahla yokukhusela ekhululekileyo. Kunyanzelekile ukuba imibutho ibeke phambili ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bayo ngokwenza utyalo-mali kwimpahla ekumgangatho ophezulu ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo evela kubavelisi abathembekileyo. Ngokusebenzisana ukujongana nemingcipheko ehambelana nokusebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi, sinokwenza indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo kumntu wonke.