UkuKhusela kwi-Static: Ukubaluleka kwempahla eKhuselekileyo ye-ESD

Umbane ongatshintshiyo unokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizixhobo zombane, ukuxabisa iinkampani ixesha nemali. Ukuthintela oku, kubalulekile ukutyala imali kwimpahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga ngokubaluleka kwempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD kunye nendlela enokukhusela ngayo kwi-static, iqinisekisa ubomi obude kunye nokuthembeka kwesixhobo sakho sombane. Hlala ubukele ukuze ufunde indlela onokuzikhusela ngayo izinto zakho zexabiso ngesinxibo esifanelekileyo.

Ukuqonda i-Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

Kwihlabathi lokuvelisa kunye ne-electronics, iingozi zokukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic discharge (ESD) yinkxalabo eqhubekayo. I-ESD yenzeka xa izinto ezimbini ezinesakhono sombane esahlukileyo zidibana kwaye zikhuphe ukuhamba kombane ngesiquphe. Oku kukhutshwa kungonakalisa amalungu e-elektroniki abuthathaka, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kakubi okanye ukusilela ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo. Ukulwa nesi sisongelo, iinkampani ezininzi ziphumeze imigaqo engqongqo yolawulo lwe-ESD, kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa kwempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD.

Impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunciphisa ukwakhiwa kunye nokukhutshwa kombane ongatshintshiyo, ukubonelela ngomqobo wokhuseleko kubasebenzi bobabini kunye nezixhobo ezibuthathaka zombane. Ezi zambatho zenziwe ngezinto ezinomgangatho ophantsi wokuvelisa umbane ongatshintshiyo, njengemicu ye-carbon-infused fibers okanye imicu yobhedu ephothiweyo. Ngokunxiba iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD, abasebenzi banokunciphisa umngcipheko weziganeko ze-ESD ezenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.

Enye yezinto eziphambili zempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD yinkqubo yokumisa. Ukuze iimpahla zichithe ngokufanelekileyo umbane omileyo, kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe kwindawo ephantsi, njengentambo yesandla okanye i-ESD mat. Oku kuvumela nayiphi na intlawulo engatshintshiyo eqokelelwe kwimpahla ukuba ikhutshwe ngokukhuselekileyo emhlabeni, ithintele ukuba ibangele umonakalo kwii-elektroniki ezikufutshane.

Ukongeza kwi-grounding system, iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD zikwabonisa iimpawu ezichasene ne-static ezinceda ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kombane ongatshintshiyo. Oku kubalulekile kwiindawo apho izixhobo ze-elektroniki ziphathwa, njengoko nombane omncinci ongashukumiyo unokubangela umonakalo omkhulu. Ngokunxiba impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD, abasebenzi banokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzeka kweziganeko ze-ESD kwaye bancede ukukhusela izixhobo ezixabisekileyo kwingozi enokwenzeka.

Ngaphaya koko, iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD ziyilelwe ukuba zikhululeke kwaye zisebenziseke ukuze abasebenzi bazinxibe. Izambatho ezininzi zenziwe ngezinto ezilula, eziphefumulayo ezivumela inkululeko yokuhamba kunye nomoya. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhululekileyo ngelixa begcina umgangatho oyimfuneko wokhuseleko lwe-ESD.

Xa kuziwa ekukhuseleni kwi-static, impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni umonakalo oxabisa kakhulu kwizinto zombane. Ngokunxiba iimpahla ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko weziganeko ze-ESD, abasebenzi banokuzikhusela bona kunye nezixhobo abaziphetheyo. Ngokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD kunye nokubambelela kwiiprothokholi zolawulo lwe-ESD, iinkampani zinokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso zabo zombane.

Imingcipheko ye-ESD kwiNdawo yoMsebenzi

Kwiindawo zokusebenza zanamhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo kuxhaphake kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ukusuka kwiikhompyuter kunye nee-smartphones ukuya koomatshini kunye nezixhobo, ezi zixhobo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yamashishini amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane kuza ukwanda komngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic discharge (ESD) - into enokuthi ibeke imingcipheko enkulu kuzo zombini izixhobo kunye nabantu abazisebenzisayo.

I-ESD yenzeka xa izinto ezimbini ezinesakhono sombane esahlukileyo zidibana enye kwenye, nto leyo ebangela ukuhamba kombane ngesiquphe phakathi kwazo. Oku kukhutshwa kungonakalisa amalungu abuthathaka e-elektroniki ezixhobo, okukhokelela kukungasebenzi kakuhle, ilahleko yedatha, kunye nokusilela okupheleleyo kwesixhobo. Ukongeza kumonakalo onokuthi ubangele kwisixhobo, i-ESD inokubangela umngcipheko kubantu abasebenza ngezi zixhobo. Kwezinye iimeko, i-ESD inokubangela ukothuka okubuhlungu emntwini, ngelixa kwezinye, isenokungaqatshelwa kodwa isenokuchaphazela impilo yonke kunye nokhuseleko lomntu ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukunciphisa imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa ne-ESD emsebenzini, kubalulekile ukutyala imali kwimpahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD. Impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunciphisa ukuveliswa, ukuqokelela, kunye nokukhutshwa kombane ongatshintshiyo, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lwezixhobo zombini kunye nabantu abasebenza nabo. Ezi zambatho zenziwe kwizinto eziye zaphathwa nge-anti-static agents okanye zenziwe ngendlela ethintela ukwakhiwa kombane omileyo. Ngokunxiba iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD, abantu ngabanye banokuwunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko womonakalo onxulumene ne-ESD kwizixhobo kwaye baqinisekise ukhuseleko lwabo kunye nokuphila kakuhle emsebenzini.

Ukongeza ekukhuseleni kwi-ESD, impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD ikwabonelela nangezinye izibonelelo emsebenzini. Ngokomzekelo, izambatho ezininzi ze-ESD ezikhuselekileyo zempahla zenzelwe ukuba zikhululeke kwaye ziphefumule, zivumela ukuba kube lula ukuhamba kunye nokwandisa induduzo kumntu onxibayo. Oku kunokubaluleka ngokukodwa kumashishini apho abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezikhuselayo ixesha elide. Ngaphaya koko, iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD nazo zinokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wongcoliseko kwiindawo ezinovakalelo, njengamagumbi acocekileyo okanye amaziko okuvelisa, apho nombane omncinci ongashukumiyo unokuba nempembelelo enkulu kwimveliso yokugqibela.

Xa kuqwalaselwa ukubaluleka kwempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD emsebenzini, kubalulekile ukuba abaqeshi babeke phambili ukhuseleko nempilontle yabasebenzi babo. Ngokwenza utyalo-mali kwimpahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD ekumgangatho ophezulu yabasebenzi babo, abaqeshi abanako ukukhusela izixhobo zabo kuphela kwimiphumo eyonakalisayo ye-ESD kodwa nokudala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nekhululekileyo kubasebenzi babo. Ngokwenza njalo, banokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yabo iqhuba kakuhle kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kunye nemingcipheko ehambelana nokukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic.

Ukuqukumbela, ukukhuselwa kumbane ongashukumiyo emsebenzini ngumba obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokutyala imali kwimpahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD, abaqeshi banokukhusela izixhobo zabo, banciphise imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa ne-ESD, kwaye benze indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo netofotofo kubasebenzi babo. Ngokwenza njalo, banokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nempumelelo yamashishini abo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okunokubakho kunye nomonakalo onokuthi ubangele ukukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic.

Uncedo lwempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD

Ehlabathini lokuvelisa i-electronics kunye nokuphathwa, iingozi ezinxulumene ne-Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) ayinakuncitshiswa. I-ESD, ekwaziwa ngokuba ngumbane ongashukumiyo, inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumalungu anovakalelo e-elektroniki, okukhokelela kukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphila, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukulungiswa kweendleko okanye ukutshintshwa. Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, ukusetyenziswa kwempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD kuye kwabaluleka ngakumbi kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso apho ukukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic kusisisongelo esiqhubekayo.

Impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunqanda ukwakhiwa kunye nokukhutshwa kombane ongashukumiyo, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela umntu oyinxibileyo kunye nezixhobo zombane ezibuthathaka abadibana nazo. Esi sinxibo sikhethekileyo senziwe ngezinto ezichasene ne-antistatic, conductive, okanye static dissipative, ezithi zithintele ngokufanelekileyo naziphi na iintlawulo ezingatshintshiyo ezinokuthi zibekho. Ukongeza, iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD ziyilelwe ukuba zilingane kakuhle nomzimba, ukunciphisa amathuba okwakhiwa kombane omileyo ngenxa yokungqubana phakathi kweempahla.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD kukukwazi ukuthintela umonakalo kwizinto zombane. Xa umntu onxibe impahla esemgangathweni edibana nezixhobo zombane, umbane ongashukumiyo unokusuka ngokulula kwimpahla yawo uye kwizinto ezinovakalelo, onokuthi ubangele umonakalo ongalungisekiyo. Ngokunxiba iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD, abantu ngabanye banokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko womonakalo onxulumene ne-ESD kwaye baqinisekise ukuthembeka kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwezixhobo zombane.

Ngaphaya koko, iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwindawo apho ukukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic kuyinkxalabo. Kwimizi-mveliso efana nokuveliswa kombane, ukudibanisa kunye nokulungiswa, abasebenzi basengozini enkulu yokwakhiwa kombane ongatshintshiyo, ongenako ukonakalisa izixhobo kuphela kodwa ubeka isoyikiso kukhuseleko lomntu. Impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD inika umaleko wokhuselo ekukhutshweni ngengozi okuzinzileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala okanye iingozi zomlilo kwindawo yokusebenza.

Ukongeza kwiinzuzo zayo zokukhusela, iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD nazo zinokuba nefuthe elihle kwimveliso kunye nokulawula umgangatho. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi baxhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD, iinkampani zinokuwunciphisa umngcipheko weziphene zemveliso ezibangelwa yimiba enxulumene ne-ESD. Oku, kukhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu okuqinisekiswa komgangatho, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwakhona, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.

Lilonke, ukubaluleka kwempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD ekukhuseleni kumbane ongashukumiyo akunakubaxwa. Kumashishini apho ukuthembeka kwamacandelo e-elektroniki kubaluleke kakhulu, utyalo-mali ekukhuseleni okufanelekileyo kwe-ESD kubalulekile ukuphepha umonakalo weendleko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Ngokubandakanya iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD kwiiprothokholi zokhuseleko ezisemgangathweni, iinkampani zinokuthomalalisa ngempumelelo imingcipheko enxulumene nokukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic kunye nokugcina indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kubo bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa kombane.

Ukukhetha Impahla Ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD

Ukukhutshwa kwe-Electrostatic (ESD) yinto eqhelekileyo kumashishini amaninzi, kodwa ingaba nemiphumo emibi ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle. I-ESD yenzeka xa izinto ezimbini ezinentlawuliso yombane ezahlukeneyo zidibana, nto leyo ebangela ukuhanjiswa kombane omileyo. Oku kuphuma ngesiquphe kombane ongashukumiyo kunokonakalisa iinxalenye ze-elektroniki ezibuthathaka, okukhokelela kulungiso oluxabisa kakhulu kunye nexesha lokuphumla.

Enye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokuthintela i-ESD kukunxiba impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD. Impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukutshabalalisa umbane ongatshintshiyo kwaye uthintele ukuba ungakhi emzimbeni. Oku kunceda ukukhusela umntu osinxibileyo kunye nesixhobo sombane esibuthathaka abasebenza ngaso.

Xa ukhetha impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka uziqwalasele. Eyokuqala yimpahla yempahla. Impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD yenziwa ngemathiriyeli eyilelwe ukutshabalalisa umbane ongatshintshiyo, onjengeentsinga zekhabhoni okanye iintambo zokuqhuba. Ezi zixhobo zinceda ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kombane ongatshintshiyo emzimbeni, ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-ESD.

Ukongeza kwizinto eziphathekayo, ukulungelelaniswa kwempahla kwakhona kubalulekile. Impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD kufuneka ilingane kakuhle nomzimba, iqinisekise ukuba akukho zikhewu okanye iindawo ezikhululekileyo apho umbane ongashukumiyo unokuqokelelana khona. Kukwabalulekile ukukhetha impahla ekulungeleyo ukunxiba ixesha elide, njengoko abasebenzi kumashishini anomngcipheko ophezulu we-ESD kunokufuneka banxibe impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD ixesha elide.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD lizinga lokhuseleko elibonelela ngalo. Ezinye iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD ziyilelwe ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lomzimba opheleleyo, ngelixa ezinye zinokugubungela kuphela iindawo ezithile, ezifana nomzimba okanye iingalo. Umgangatho wokhuseleko olufunekayo uya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno ezithile zeshishini kunye nohlobo lomsebenzi owenziwayo.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuqina kwempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD. Impahla enxitywayo kwindawo ye-ESD esemngciphekweni omkhulu kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nokuhlanjwa rhoqo nokunxiba. Khangela iimpahla ezenziwe ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezenzelwe ukuhlala.

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD ihlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino yokhuseleko lwe-ESD. Khangela iimpahla eziqinisekisiweyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yokukhusela ye-ESD, njenge-ANSI / ESD S20.20 okanye i-IEC 61340-5-1. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zibonelela ngenqanaba lokhuseleko olufunekayo kwindawo ethile yokusebenza.

Ukuqukumbela, ukukhetha impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD ibalulekile ekukhuseleni kumbane ongatshintshiyo kwindawo yokusebenza. Ngokuqwalasela izinto ezifana nezinto eziphathekayo, ukufaneleka, umgangatho wokhuseleko, ukuqina, kunye nemigangatho yoshishino, abasebenzi banokuqinisekisa ukuba bakhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiingozi ze-ESD. Utyalo-mali kwiimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD lixabiso elincinci lokuhlawula uxolo lwengqondo oluza nokwazi ukuba bobabini abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo zombane ezibuthathaka zikhuselekile kwiingozi zombane ongatshintshiyo.

IiNdlela eziGqwesileyo zoKhuselo lwe-ESD

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, isoyikiso sokukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic discharge (ESD) sixhaphake kakhulu kunangaphambili. I-ESD inokubangela umonakalo kwizinto ezicekethekileyo zombane, nto leyo ekhokelela kulungiso oluxabisa kakhulu kunye nexesha lokuphumla. Ukulwa lo mba, kubalulekile ukuphumeza ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokhuseleko lwe-ESD, kubandakanya nokusetyenziswa kwempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD.

Impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kombane ongatshintshiyo kumzimba womntu onxibileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weziganeko ze-ESD. Olu hlobo lwesinxibo luqhele ukwenziwa ngezinto ezichasene ne-antistatic ngokwendalo, njengemicu yekhabhoni okanye imisonto eqhubayo. Ezi zixhobo zinceda ukutshabalalisa nayiphi na intlawulo engatshintshiyo enokuthi iqokelele emzimbeni, ithintele ukuba idluliselwe kwisixhobo sombane esibuthathaka.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD kukukwazi ukubonelela ngomqobo phakathi komnxibi kunye nombane abasebenza kuwo. Ngokunxiba impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD, amagcisa anokunciphisa amathuba okukhupha umbane ongashukumiyo ngempazamo kwizinto ezibalulekileyo. Oku akukhuseli kuphela izixhobo, kodwa kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lomntu onxibileyo.

Ukongeza ekukhuseleni ngokuchasene neziganeko ze-ESD, iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD zikwanceda ukudala indawo yokusebenza engena-static. Xa amagcisa amaninzi esebenza kwi-elektroniki ngokusondeleyo, umngcipheko weziganeko ze-ESD uyanda. Ngokunxibisa bonke abasebenzi iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD, iinkampani zinokuwunciphisa lo mngcipheko kwaye zenze indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kubasebenzi bazo.

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iimpahla ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni. Okokuqala nokuphambili, kubalulekile ukukhetha iimpahla ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukukhuselwa kwe-ESD. Le mpahla kufuneka ibhalwe njenge-ESD ekhuselekileyo kwaye kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho yoshishino yokusebenza kwe-antistatic.

Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zihambelana ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zikhululekile ukunxiba. Ukuba isinxibo sixinene kakhulu okanye sinemiqathango, sinokuthintela igcisa ekwenzeni umsebenzi walo ngokufanelekileyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba isambatho sikhululekile kakhulu, sinokunganikezeli ukhuseleko olwaneleyo kwiziganeko ze-ESD. Ukufumana ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kokuthuthuzela kunye nokusebenza kubalulekile xa ukhetha impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD.

Ukuqukumbela, ukukhuselwa kumbane ongashukumiyo yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kuye nabani na osebenza ngesixhobo sombane. Ngokuphumeza ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokhuseleko lwe-ESD, kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa kwempahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD, iinkampani zinokuwunciphisa umngcipheko weziganeko ze-ESD kwaye zikhusele izixhobo zazo ezixabisekileyo. Ukutyala imali kwimpahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD yindlela elula nesebenzayo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nombane emsebenzini.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, ukukhuselwa kumbane ongashukumiyo kubalulekile kumashishini ahlukeneyo ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo ezibuthathaka. Impahla ekhuselekileyo ye-ESD idlala indima ephambili ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic, iqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kubo bonke. Ngokwenza utyalo-mali kwizixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela kunye nokulandela iindlela ezikhuselekileyo ze-ESD, iinkampani zinokuthintela umonakalo obiza imali eninzi kunye neengozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko. Khumbula, xa kuziwa kwi-static, uthintelo luhlala lungcono kunonyango. Hlala ukhuselekile, hlala ukhuselekile, kwaye uhlale unolwazi lwe-ESD.