Ifashoni yoKhuseleko: Ukubaluleka kweeMpahla eziRhweba ngamadangatya

Kwihlabathi apho ukhuseleko lwasemsebenzini lubaluleke kakhulu, ukubaluleka kwempahla engayi kugxininiswa kumadangatye akunakugxininiswa ngokwaneleyo. Isidingo sefashoni yokukhusela siya sisiba ngumba obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yabantu abakwiindawo ezinobungozi. Eli nqaku liphicotha ngokubaluleka kweempahla ezinqanda amadangatye kwaye kutheni ziyimfuneko kuye nabani na osebenza kwiimeko ezinokuba yingozi. Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngokubaluleka kokuzikhusela ngokukhetha iimpahla ezifanelekileyo.

Ukuqonda iiNgozi zeeNgozi zoMlilo kwindawo yoMsebenzi

Njengoko sisenza imisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla, sihlala singayijongi imingcipheko enokubakho yeengozi zomlilo emsebenzini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda le mingcipheko kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabasebenzi. Kulapho kungena khona izambatho ezithintela amadangatye, zinika umaleko wokhuseleko kwiingozi ezibangelwa ngumlilo.

Izambatho ezivuthayo zomlilo zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuxhathisa ukuvutha kunye nokunciphisa ukusasazeka komlilo xa kwenzeka isiganeko esinxulumene nomlilo. Ezi zambatho zenziwe kwizinto eziphathwayo ngamachiza okunciphisa ukutsha, ukubonelela ngomgca obalulekileyo wokukhusela abasebenzi kwiindawo ezinobungozi obuphezulu.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeempahla ezibuyiswa ngumlilo kukukwazi ukucima ukucima xa umthombo womlilo ususiwe. Olu phawu lubalulekileyo lunokunceda ukuthintela ukwenzakala kunye nokusindisa ubomi, ukwenza ezi mpahla zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yokhuseleko emsebenzini.

Kumashishini afana nokwakha, ukuvelisa, kunye neoli kunye negesi, apho abasebenzi bajongene neengozi ezinokuthi zibe yingozi yomlilo imihla ngemihla, ukubaluleka kweengubo ezivuthayo ezivuthayo azikwazi ukugqithiswa. Ezi zambatho zibonelela ngoluhlu olongezelelweyo lokukhusela olunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa kwimeko yomlilo wendawo yokusebenza.

Ayisiyiyo kuphela izambatho ze-flame retardant ezikhusela kwiingozi zomlilo ngokukhawuleza, kodwa zibonelela ngokhuseleko kwezinye iingozi ezifana nobushushu kunye nee-arcs zombane. Lo mbandela wemisebenzi emininzi ubenza ukuba babe yinxalenye yezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ezimele zibe yintsika kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokusebenzela apho kukho ingozi yomlilo.

Utyalo-mali kwiingubo ezivuthayo zomlilo akukona nje ukuhamba okuhlakaniphile ukusuka kwindawo yokukhusela, kodwa kubonisa ukuzinikela kwintlalontle yabasebenzi. Ngokubonelela abasebenzi ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokukhusela, abaqeshi banokudala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kunye nokulimala.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuqonda iingozi zeengozi zomlilo kwindawo yokusebenza kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Impahla yokuvala amadangatye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthomalaliseni le mingcipheko, inika umaleko wokhuselo onokwenza umahluko omkhulu xa kukho isiganeko esinxulumene nomlilo. Ngotyalo-mali kwiimpahla ezinqanda amadangatye, abaqeshi banokubonisa ukuzibophelela kwabo kukhuseleko lwasemsebenzini nokudala indawo ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo kubasebenzi babo.

ISayensi eNgemva kwamaLanga abuyiswayo kwiLanga

Impahla yokuvala amadangatye iye yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yefashoni yokukhusela, ngakumbi kumashishini apho abasebenzi bavezwe kwiingozi ezinokubakho zomlilo. Ezi mpahla zikhethekileyo zenzelwe ukuxhathisa ukuvutha, ukuthothisa ukusasazeka kwamadangatye, nokukhusela lowo uzinxibileyo ekutshisweni nakwamanye amanxeba. Inzululwazi ngasemva kwamalaphu agada amadangatye inika umdla kwaye ibalulekile ekuqondeni ukubaluleka kwawo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabantu abasebenza kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu.

Amalaphu abuyiswa ngamadangatye aphathwa ngeekhemikhali ezinciphisa ukutsha kwengubo. Ezi khemikhali zisebenza ngokwenza umaleko okhuselayo kwilaphu, othintela ukuvutha nokusasazeka kwamadangatye. Ezinye iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ezibuyisela idangatye ziquka iikhompawundi ezisekelwe kwi-phosphorus, i-halogenated flame retardants, kunye ne-nitrogen-based compounds. Ezi khemikhali zikhethwe ngononophelo kwaye zisetyenziswe kwilaphu ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yokhuseleko kunye nemimiselo.

Ukusebenza kweempahla ezibuyiswa ngamadangatye kulinganiswa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya, ezifana nomgangatho we-ASTM D6413 wokumelana nomlilo. Ngexesha lovavanyo, ilaphu livezwa kwidangatye elilawulwayo, kwaye indlela yokuziphatha kwayo ivavanywa ngokusekwe kwiiparamitha ezifana nexesha lokutshisa, ukusasazeka kwedangatye, kunye nobude be-char. Izambatho eziphumelele ezi mvavanyo ziqinisekiswa njenge-flame retardant kwaye zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluthembekileyo kumntu ozinxibileyo.

Ukongeza kumandla azo okuxhathisa amadangatye, iimpahla ezinqanda amadangatye zikwabonelela nangezinye izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokufuthi ziyilelwe ukuba zomelele, zikhululeke, zikwazi ukuphefumla, ziqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo. Ezi mpahla zenziwa ukuba zimelane neemeko ezinzima, ezifana nobushushu obugqithiseleyo, imichiza, kunye nokukrazula, okuzenza zifanelekele uluhlu olubanzi lwemizi-mveliso.

Ukubaluleka kweempahla ezibuyiswa ngamadangatye akunakugqithiswa, ngakumbi kumashishini afana nokucima umlilo, i-oyile kunye negesi, ukwakhiwa kunye nokuvelisa. Kwezi ndawo, abasebenzi bahlala bevezwe kwiingozi zomlilo, okwenza iimpahla zokukhusela zibe yimilinganiselo yokhuseleko ebalulekileyo. Impahla yokuhombisa idangatye inika umaleko obalulekileyo wokuzikhusela ekulimaleni, ukukhusela abasebenzi kwingozi enkulu kwaye isindise nobomi kwimeko yengozi.

Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, uphuhliso lwamalaphu abuyiswa ngamadangatye luyaqhubeka nokuvela. Abaphandi baphonononga izixhobo ezintsha kunye nonyango olunikezela ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo kunye nokusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iinkampani ziphuhlisa i-smart textiles efakwe kwii-sensors ezinokubona ukushisa kwaye zibangele impendulo yokukhusela kwilaphu. Olu tshintsho lunesithembiso esikhulu kwikamva lefashoni yokukhusela, eqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bahlala bekhuselekile kwaye bekhuselekile kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Ukuqukumbela, izambatho ze-flame retardant zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabantu abasebenza kumashishini asemngciphekweni omkhulu. Ngokuqonda isayensi emva kwala malaphu akhethekileyo kunye neendlela zokuvavanya ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwazo, sinokuxabisa ukubaluleka kwefashoni yokukhusela ekukhuseleni ukulimala kunye nokusindisa ubomi. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, uphuhliso lwamalaphu abuyisela idangatye luya kuqhubeka luphucula, lunika ukhuseleko olukhulu ngakumbi kunye noxolo lwengqondo kwabo baxhomekeke kuwo ngokhuseleko lwabo.

IiNzuzo zokuNxiba iiMpahla eziRetardant zomlilo

Izambatho ezivuthayo zomlilo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yefashoni yokukhusela, eyenzelwe ukubonelela ngoluhlu lokukhusela kwiingozi zomlilo kunye nokushisa. Ezi zambatho zikhethekileyo zenziwe ngezinto eziye zanyangwa ngamachiza ukuze zithobe okanye zithintele ukusasazeka kwamadangatye. Iingenelo zokunxiba iimpahla ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo zininzi, nto leyo ezenza zibe lutyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kubantu abasebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeempahla ezinqanda amadangatye kukukwazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala kakhulu okanye ukufa xa kutsha. Kumashishini afana neoli kunye negesi, ukwakhiwa, kunye nokuvelisa, abasebenzi bavame ukuchanabeka kwiingozi ezinokubakho zomlilo imihla ngemihla. Impahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatya inokubonelela ngokhuseleko olubalulekileyo, inika abasebenzi imizuzwana exabisekileyo abayifunayo ukuze babaleke isakhiwo esitshayo okanye bacime umlilo omncinane ngaphambi kokuba unwenwe.

Ukongeza, iimpahla ezibuyisela amadangatye zinokunceda ukunciphisa ubungakanani bokutsha kunye nokwenzakala xa kutsha. Ngokucothisa ukusasazeka kwamadangatye kunye nokunciphisa ubunzulu bobushushu, ezi mpahla zinokunciphisa kakhulu ubukhali bokutsha okugcinwa ngumntu. Oku kunokwenza umahluko obalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokubuyisela, ukunceda ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhlala esibhedlele kunye nokunciphisa ixesha elide lexesha elide kunye nokukhubazeka.

Ukongeza kwiimpawu zabo ezikhuselayo, izambatho ze-flame retardant nazo zenziwe ngokuthuthuzela kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Iimpahla ezininzi zale mihla ezinqanda amadangatye zikhaphukhaphu, ziyaphefumla, kwaye zolule, zivumela ukuhamba lula kunye nokuguquguquka emsebenzini. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banokwenza imisebenzi yabo ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo ngaphandle kokuthintelwa sisinxibo esikhulu okanye esinemiqathango.

Ngaphaya koko, iingubo ezinqanda amadangatye zihlala ziyilelwe ukuba zomelele kwaye zihlale ixesha elide, nto leyo ezenza zibe lutyalo-mali oluneendleko eziphantsi kwiinkampani nakubantu ngabanye. Ngokukhetha iimpahla ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinqanda amadangatye, abasebenzi banokuqinisekisa ukuba bakhuselekile iminyaka ezayo, ukunciphisa imfuneko yokutshintshwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa.

Enye inzuzo ephambili yokugqoka iingubo ezivuthayo zomlilo kukuthotyelwa kwazo kwimimiselo yeshishini kunye nemigangatho. Amashishini amaninzi, afana nokucinywa komlilo, i-oyile kunye negesi, kunye nomsebenzi wombane, aneemfuno eziqinileyo zokhuseleko kwindawo yokukhusela abasebenzi kwiingozi zomlilo. Izambatho ezivuthayo zomlilo zihlala zigunyaziswa yile mimiselo, iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakhuselekile ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa besemsebenzini.

Ukuqukumbela, izambatho ze-flame retardant zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabantu abasebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ngokukwazi kwabo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala, ukunciphisa ukutshisa, ukubonelela ngenduduzo kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokuthobela imimiselo yoshishino, ezi zambatho ezikhethekileyo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yefashoni yokukhusela. Ngokutyala imali kwimpahla ekumgangatho ophezulu ekwazi ukumelana nedangatye, abasebenzi banokuzikhusela kwiingozi zomlilo nobushushu, nto leyo ebanika uxolo lwengqondo olufunekayo ukuze banikele ingqalelo kumsebenzi wabo baze bahlale bekhuselekile xa bejamelene nobunzima.

IMimiselo kunye neMigangatho yeMpahla eRetardant yomlilo

Kuluntu lwanamhlanje, ukhuseleko emsebenzini yeyona nto ibalulekileyo engenakulityalwa. Abaqeshi banoxanduva lokuqinisekisa intlalo-ntle yabasebenzi babo, ngakumbi xa kufikelelwa ekubakhuseleni kwiingozi ezinokubakho. Izambatho ezivuthayo zomlilo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kumashishini apho kukho umngcipheko wokuvezwa amadangatye okanye ubushushu. Ezi mpahla zikhethekileyo zenzelwe ukuxhathisa ukuvutha, ukuthothisa ukusasazeka kwamadangatye, kwaye zinike ixesha elixabisekileyo lokuba lowo uzinxibileyo abaleke ingozi okanye afune uncedo.

Imimiselo kunye nemigangatho yeempahla ezivuthayo ezivuthayo zikhoyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wezi mpahla zibalulekileyo. Ukuthotyelwa kwale mimiselo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakhuselwe ngokwaneleyo xa kukho isiganeko esinxulumene nomlilo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) eUnited States, imisela abaqeshi imigaqo ephathelele ukusetyenziswa kwempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo emsebenzini. Abaqeshi kufuneka balandele le mimiselo ukugcina indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kubaqeshwa babo.

Ukongeza kwimimiselo ye-OSHA, kukho nemigangatho ethile yoshishino elawula ukusetyenziswa kweengubo ezivuthayo zomlilo. Ngokomzekelo, uMbutho woKhuseleko loMlilo weSizwe (i-NFPA) useka imigangatho yempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo kumashishini afana neoli kunye negesi, izinto eziluncedo, kunye nokucima umlilo. Le migangatho iyalela ubuncinci benqanaba lokhuseleko ekufuneka izambatho ze-flame retardant zibonelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwezi ndawo zinomngcipheko omkhulu.

Izambatho ezivuthayo zomlilo zivela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiingubo kunye neebhatyi ukuya kwiihempe kunye neebhulukhwe. Ezi zambatho zenziwe ngezinto ezikhethekileyo eziye zanyangwa ngeekhemikhali ezinqanda ilangatye okanye ziyakwazi ukumelana nomlilo. Ukukhethwa kwengubo efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwiingozi ezithile ezikhoyo kwindawo yokusebenzela, kunye nomgangatho wokukhusela ofunekayo kumsebenzi okhoyo.

Xa ukhetha impahla engadangayo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezinje ngokukhululeka, ukuphefumla, kunye nenqanaba lokhuseleko olubonelelweyo. Abasebenzi kufuneka bakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo nangokukhululekileyo kwiingubo zabo ukuze benze imisebenzi yabo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, ingubo kufuneka yomelele kwaye ikwazi ukumelana nobunzima bendawo yokusebenza.

Ukuqukumbela, izambatho ezinqanda amadangatye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kwiingozi zomlilo nobushushu emsebenzini. Ukuthobela imimiselo kunye nemigangatho yeempahla ezinqanda amadangatye kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokuthintela ukulimala kakhulu. Abaqeshi kufuneka batyale imali kwiimpahla ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinqanda amadangatye kwaye banike uqeqesho olufanelekileyo ekusebenziseni kwabo ukudala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo kubo bonke.

Ukukhetha iiMpahla eziLungileyo eziRetardant kwiShishini lakho

Impahla yokubuyiswa komlilo iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko kumashishini amaninzi abandakanya ukusebenza ngeengozi ezinokubakho zomlilo. Ukubaluleka kokunxiba iimpahla ezifanelekileyo ze-flame retardant akunakugqithiswa, njengoko zingenza umahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa kwingozi enxulumene nomlilo. Xa ukhetha iingubo ezifanelekileyo ze-flame retardant kwishishini lakho, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka uziqwalasele ukuze uqinisekise ukhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nentuthuzelo kubasebenzi.

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iingubo ezinqanda amadangatye ziimfuno ezithile zoshishino lwakho. Amashishini ahlukeneyo anokuba nemimiselo eyahlukeneyo yokhuseleko kunye nemigangatho xa kuziwa kwimpahla evuthayo yomlilo. Umzekelo, amashishini afana ne-oyile negesi, imigodi, kunye ne-welding inokuba neemfuneko ezingqongqo ngakumbi kwiimpahla ezibuyiswa ngamadangatye xa kuthelekiswa nemizi-mveliso efana neyokwakha okanye yokuvelisa. Kubalulekile ukuba uqhelane nemigaqo yokhuseleko kwishishini lakho kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iimpahla ozikhethayo ezinqanda amadangatye ziyahlangabezana okanye zigqithise le migangatho.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha izambatho ze-flame retardant yinqanaba lokukhusela abanikela ngalo. Izambatho zokuvala amadangatya zenzelwe ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwamadangatye xa kutsha. Inqanaba lokukhusela elinikezelwa ngeengubo ezivuthayo zomlilo zingahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukwakhiwa kwengubo, kunye nemigangatho yokuqinisekisa ihlangabezana nayo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izambatho ze-flame retardant ezibonelela ngenqanaba lokhuseleko olufunekayo kwiingozi ezithile ezikhoyo kwishishini lakho.

Ukuthuthuzela kukwayinto ephambili eqwalaselwayo xa ukhetha impahla engayi kudangala. Abasebenzi ekufuneka banxibe impahla engatshiyo ixesha elide kufuneka bakhululeke ukuze benze umsebenzi wabo ngokufanelekileyo. Impahla ebambekayo engakhululekanga okanye ebambezelayo inokuthintela imveliso yabasebenzi kwaye inokubeka imingcipheko yokhuseleko ukuba abasebenzi abakwazi kuhamba ngokukhululekileyo. Xa ukhetha iimpahla ezibuyisela amadangatye, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezinjengokuphefumla, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokufaneleka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhululeka okukhulu kubasebenzi.

Ukongeza ekukhuseleni nasekuthuthuzeleni, ukuqina yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iingubo ezivuthayo zomlilo. Izambatho ezivuthayo zomlilo ziphantsi kokugqoka kunye nokukrazula kwiindawo zoshishino, kwaye kubalulekile ukukhetha iingubo ezikwazi ukumelana nobunzima bokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke. Impahla ehlala ixesha elide ingakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide kwaye inike ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ekugqibeleni igcina iindleko zokutshintshwa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.

Ukuqukumbela, ukukhetha iimpahla ezifanelekileyo zokubuyiswa komlilo kwishishini lakho kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabasebenzi. Ngokuqwalasela izinto ezinje ngeemfuno zeshishini, inqanaba lokhuseleko, intuthuzelo, kunye nokuqina, abaqeshi banokukhetha iingubo ezinqanda amadangatye ezibonelela ngokhuseleko olululo kunye nokusebenza kubasebenzi babo. Utyalo-mali kwiingubo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinqanda amadangatye ayimfuneko yomthetho kuphela kumashishini amaninzi kodwa kunye noxanduva lokuziphatha lokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwiindawo ezinokuba yingozi.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, kucacile ukuba iingubo ezinqanda amadangatye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abantu kwiingozi zeziganeko ezinxulumene nomlilo. Enoba kusemsebenzini okanye ekhaya, ukunxiba ezi mpahla kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ekuthinteleni ukwenzakala nokusindisa ubomi. Ngokwenza utyalo-mali kwiimpahla ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinqanda amadangatye, sinokuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwethu luhlala luyinto ephambili. Ke khumbula, xa kufikwa kwifashoni yokukhusela, iimpahla ezinqanda amadangatye zibalulekile kwaye zinokusindisa ubomi. Hlala ukhuselekile, hlala ukhuselekile, kwaye uhlale ubeka phambili impilo-ntle yakho ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kwempahla.