Indlela iMakethi yeZinxibo zoMsebenzi yaseTshayina iSilungisa ngayo isinxibo soKhuseleko lweHlabathi

Ngokuqinisekileyo! Nantsi intshayelelo ebandakanyayo yenqaku lakho elinesihloko esithi “Indlela iMarike yeZinxibo zoMsebenzi yaseTshayina eSilungisa ngayo isinxibo soKhuseleko lweHlabathi”:

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Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China iye yavela njengendlu yamandla kwishishini lempahla yokusebenza, iqhuba izinto ezintsha kunye nokubeka imigangatho emitsha kwisinxibo sokhuseleko kwihlabathi liphela. Ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ephucukileyo ukuya kubuchule obuphambili bokwenza izinto, imarike yelizwe eguquka ngokukhawuleza ilungisa indlela amashishini kwihlabathi liphela abeka phambili ukhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo yabasebenzi. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye eyenza olu tshintsho, kwaye iTshayina ilichaphazela njani ikamva lezixhobo zokhuseleko kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe? Ngena kuphononongo lwethu oluneenkcukacha lweendlela, itekhnoloji, kunye nokutshintsha kwemarike ngasemva kwempembelelo ekhulayo yaseTshayina kwisinxibo somsebenzi wehlabathi-kwaye ufumanise ukuba kutheni le nguquko ibalulekile kumashishini nakubasebenzi kuyo yonke indawo.

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Ngaba ungathanda ukuba ibe sesikweni ngakumbi, ingaqhelekanga, okanye ilungiselelwe abaphulaphuli abathile?

-I-Evolution ye-China ye-Workwear Industry kunye nempembelelo yayo yehlabathi

**- Ukuzivelela koShishino lwesinxibo saseTshayina kunye nempembelelo yalo kwihlabathi jikelele**

Uphuhliso lweshishini laseTshayina lempahla yokusebenza libali elinyanzelisayo lokukhula, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kunye nokuma okucwangcisiweyo okuguqule ilizwe ekubeni libe namandla amakhulu kwimarike yempahla yokhuseleko yehlabathi. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, "impahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina" iye yavela kwicandelo eligxile kakhulu ekhaya livelisa impahla esisiseko yokukhusela ibe lishishini eliphucukileyo elaziwa ngomgangatho ophezulu, iimveliso eziphucuke kakhulu zobuchwepheshe ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Le nguquko ayibonisi kuphela inkqubela ebanzi yezoshishino noqoqosho lwaseTshayina kodwa ikwabonisa amandla ayo okuphembelela iintsingiselo zehlabathi kukhuseleko kunye nempahla yemizi-mveliso.

Ngokwembali, imveliso yempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina yayiphawulwe ziiyunithi zemveliso ezincinci ezisebenza kwiimarike zasekhaya, ikakhulu zibonelela ngeemfuno zamacandelo akhula ngokukhawuleza kwezoshishino afana nokwakha, ukuvelisa, kunye nemigodi. Ukunikezelwa kwempahla yokusebenza kwangethuba bekusoloko kusiba sisiseko, kugxininise ekomeleleni ngaphezu kokunethezeka okanye ukwenza izinto ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungena kweTshayina kuMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi (i-WTO) ngo-2001 kunye nokumanyaniswa okulandelayo kumakhonkco onikezelo lwehlabathi, ishishini lempahla yokusebenza lafumana ufikelelo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili kwiimarike zaphesheya, ukhuphiswano lobugcisa, kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso.

Abavelisi bempahla yokusebenza baseTshayina baqala ukutyala imali kakhulu kuphando nakuphuhliso, besebenzisa itekhnoloji yelaphu yanamhlanje efana nelaphu elingatshiyo, elichasayo, kunye nelaphu elingangenwa yikhemikhali. Ukukhula kwemigaqo yokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso yasekhaya kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kuqhubele phambili ukuqhubela phambili koshishino. Imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ekhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwexabiso eliphezulu egqityiweyo nayo inyuse izakhono zecandelo.

Ukunyuka kweempawu zempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina kunye nabavelisi kuphawule inguquko. Iinkampani eziphambili "kwizinxibo zokusebenza zaseTshayina" azivelisi kuphela iimpahla ezibambelela kwimigangatho engqongqo yamazwe ngamazwe njenge-ISO, ANSI, kunye ne-EN kodwa zikwalungisa iimpahla zokusebenza kumashishini ahlukeneyo ehlabathi aquka i-petrochemical, umbane, inqwelomoya, kunye necandelo lezempilo. Ukukwazi kwabo ukwenza izinto ezintsha-ukudibanisa uyilo lwe-ergonomic, amalaphu ahlakaniphile, kunye nezixhobo ezihambelana ne-eco-bonisa ukukhula okuba abadlali baseke abadlali bamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngaphezu koko, amandla eTshayina ekudityanisweni kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kwenze iimpahla zayo zokusebenza zikhuphisane kakhulu ngexabiso kunye nomgangatho. Ubukho bemithombo yemithombo yendalo ekrwada, ukuba kufutshane neendawo zokwenziwa kwamalaphu, kunye nothungelwano lolungiselelo oluphuhliswe kakuhle kwenze abavelisi baseTshayina bakwazi ukunceda abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngokukhawuleza nangeendleko ezifanelekileyo. Le mpembelelo isuka kuMntla Melika naseYurophu ukuya kwiimarike ezikhulayo kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, eAfrika, naseLatin America.

Imiboniso yorhwebo kunye nemiboniso yamazwe ngamazwe idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni ubukho be-China kwindawo yehlabathi jikelele yesinxibo. Imisitho efana noMboniso woKhuseleko lwaMazwe ngaMazwe waseTshayina kunye neMpilo yeeMpahla ibonisa izinto ezintsha ezintsha, intsebenziswano ekhuthazayo, kwaye iqaqambisa isakhono seTshayina sokuhlangabezana nemfuno yempahla yokhuseleko yehlabathi. Amaqonga eDijithali kunye ne-e-commerce ziye zanda ngakumbi ukufikelela, zivumela abavelisi baseTshayina ukuba banxibelelane nabathengi kwihlabathi liphela kwaye baqhelane ngokukhawuleza neemfuno zentengiso.

Indaleko yaseTshayina kwibala lempahla yokusebenza ikwabonisa utshintsho lwenkcubeko ekuphakamiseni imigangatho yokhuseleko emsebenzini ekhaya. Ukonyusa kukarhulumente nogxininiso lwentlalo-ntle yabasebenzi kuqhuba iinguqulelo kubutofotofo, ukuphefumla, kunye nokusebenza kwiimveliso zesinxibo somsebenzi, ukuseta ibhenchmarks ezitsha ezijikelezayo kuwo wonke amakhonkco obonelelo ehlabathi. Oku kuzibophelela ekhaya konyusa intembeko yemveliso kumazwe ngamazwe kwaye komeleza indima ye-China njengomthwali osemgangathweni kwisinxibo sokhuseleko.

Impembelelo yehlabathi kushishino lwempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina ingqinwa kukukhula kwayo kuluhlu lwababoneleli beenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nendima yayo kwintsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwiiprothokholi zokhuseleko kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha ngelaphu. Njengoko amashishini ehlabathi ejongene noxinzelelo olwandayo lokuthobela imimiselo yokusingqongileyo kunye neenjongo zokuzinza, abavelisi baseTshayina bakhawulezisa uphuhliso lwamalaphu anokubola kunye neendlela zokuvelisa ezinempembelelo ephantsi, ngakumbi ukuqinisa ubunkokeli babo kwizisombululo zempahla yokusebenza.

Ngokwenyani, inguqu "yempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina" ukusuka kwisiseko sokwenziwa kwemveli ukuya kwindawo entsha eqhutywa, ejolise ekuthumeleni ngaphandle iquka ibali elibanzi lokunyuka kweTshayina kwiimarike zoshishino zehlabathi. Impembelelo yayo kwisinxibo sokhuseleko sehlabathi iyaqhubeka nokukhula, iqhutywa ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo, uqinisekiso lomgangatho, ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe, kunye nokuqonda okuphangaleleyo kweemfuno zokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kuzo zonke iimeko zoshishino ezahlukeneyo.

-Izinto ezintsha zokuQhuba iMarike yeZinxibo zoKhuseleko zaseTshayina Phambili

-Innovations Driving China's Safety Apparel Market Phambili

Umzi mveliso wempahla yokusebenza wase China kudala wamkelwa njengentsika ebalulekileyo exhasa ukukhula kwelizwe okukhawulezayo kwemizi-mveliso, ukukhula kolwakhiwo, kunye nokwandisa isiseko sokuvelisa. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, icandelo lempahla yokhuseleko kweli shishini liye lenza izinto ezintsha eziguqukileyo ezinganyusi nje imigangatho yasekhaya kodwa zibeke i-China njengendawo ehamba phambili yehlabathi kwiimpahla zokusebenza. Ezi nkqubela phambili zetekhnoloji, zidityaniswe nefilosofi yoyilo oluphuhlayo kunye nezikhokelo zolawulo, ziqhubela phambili imarike yempahla yokhuseleko ngeendlela ezichaphazela kakhulu abathengi basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuphonononga olu tshintsho lubonisa indlela "isinxibo saseTshayina" siqhubeka siguqukela kwindawo yophuhliso oluphambili, ukudibanisa ukusebenza, ukuthuthuzela, kunye nokhuseleko ngokuzinza kunye nobuchwephesha obukrelekrele.

Olunye lolona tshintsho lubalaseleyo lokubumba imakethi yempahla yokhuseleko yaseTshayina kukudityaniswa kwamalaphu alumkileyo kunye namalaphu aphuculwe ngemathiriyeli ephucukileyo. Abavelisi baseTshayina banda bethatha i-nanotechnology, izinto zokutshintsha isigaba, kunye neentambo ezinqanda ilangatye ukwenza iingubo ezihamba ngaphaya kokhuseleko olusisiseko. Ngokomzekelo, amalaphu afakwe kunye ne-microcapsules angasabela ngokusebenzayo ekuguquguqukeni kweqondo lokushisa, eqinisekisa ukukhululeka kwe-thermal kubasebenzi abasebenza phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezinzima. Iindwangu ezichasene nomlilo ziye zahlaziywa ukuze zihlangabezane nemigangatho ephezulu ngelixa zigcina ukuphefumla-ukuphuculwa okubalulekileyo kokusebenza kunye ne-ergonomically. Olu phuhliso lubalulekile xa kujongwe iindawo zaseTshayina ezahlukeneyo zejografi kunye nemozulu, kwaye ngumzekelo wendlela abavelisi bempahla yokusebenza eTshayina bazilungisa ngayo izisombululo kwiimeko zosetyenziso olukhethekileyo.

Ngokunxusene nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, itekhnoloji yedijithali kunye nezixhobo ezinxitywayo ziqalisile ukwenza ungenelelo olubalulekileyo kwimakethi yempahla yokhuseleko yaseTshayina. Iimpawu eziphambili zisebenzisana neenkampani zetekhnoloji ukumilisela izinzwa ezikrelekrele kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso ngaphakathi kwempahla ekhuselayo. Ezi zisombululo “zesinxibo esikrelekrele” zinika ulwazi lwexesha lokwenyani olunxulumene nezalathi zempilo yabasebenzi ezifana nesantya sentliziyo, amanqanaba okudinwa, nokuba sesichengeni kwizinto eziyingozi. Ngaphezu koko, ukulandelwa kwendawo kunye nokufunyanwa kwempembelelo kunceda ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza, ngakumbi kumacandelo afana nemigodi, ulwakhiwo, kunye nemveliso enzima apho imingcipheko yeengozi iphakanyisiweyo. Ukudityaniswa okunjalo kwempahla kunye netekhnoloji ye-IoT yenza izixhobo zokhuseleko zisebenze ngakumbi kwaye zenzelwe umntu, ikhuthaza iparadigm entsha kwisinxibo saseTshayina esidibanisa ukhuseleko lwemveli kunye nokutsha kwedijithali.

Ukuzinza kuye kwavela njengomqhubi obalulekileyo otyhalela phambili imarike yempahla yokhuseleko eTshayina. Ukujongana nokwanda kwemithetho yokusingqongileyo kunye nomnxeba wehlabathi wokwenziwa kohlaza, abavelisi bempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina batyala imali eninzi kwizinto ezilungele indalo, ubugcisa bokurisayikilisha, kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezicocekileyo. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nokusetyenziswa kweentsinga ze-biodegradable, i-cotton blends, kunye neendlela zokudaya ezingenamanzi zinciphisa indawo yendalo yempahla yokhuseleko. Ukongeza, iindlela zokulawula umjikelo wobomi zikhokelela abavelisi ukuba babonelele ngempahla ehlala ixesha elide, enokulungiswa, kunye nenokuphinda isetyenziswe, ilungiselela ukukhula koxanduva loluntu phakathi kwamashishini aseTshayina. Le pivot ebhekiselele kwinguqulelo entsha ezinzileyo ayijonganga kuphela iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo kodwa yonyusa ukuthengiswa kwempahla yokhuseleko yaseTshayina.

Kuyilo kunye ne-ergonomics, imakethi yempahla yokhuseleko e-China iphantsi kobuchule obubalulekileyo obulungiselelwe ukuphucula ukunethezeka kunye nokusebenza. Iimpawu zaseTshayina zisebenzisa uphando lwe-ergonomic ukuvelisa iingubo ezivumela ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kunye nokunciphisa ukukhathala ngexesha lokutshintsha komsebenzi omde, ngaphandle kokuncama ukhuseleko. Iimpawu ezinje ngeepaneli zokungenisa umoya ezilungelelanisiweyo, amacandelo elaphu anolulekayo, kunye neziqinisekiso ezikhaphukhaphu ezidityanisiweyo zibonisa ulwazi oluthuthuzelayo oluqhuba ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko. Ngaphaya koko, uyilo lusiya lusiba ziimodyuli kwaye lube lula, luvumela abasebenzisi abavela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo amashishini ukuba bakhethe iimpawu kunye nolungelelwaniso oluhlangabezana neemfuno zabo zokusebenza. Ukudityaniswa kwe-aesthetics yenkcubeko kwakhona kuba yindlela entsha efihlakeleyo, njengoko abavelisi basekhaya benenjongo yokufaka isazisi kunye nokuzingca kwimpahla yokusebenza.

Ulawulo lolawulo kunye neenzame zokubeka emgangathweni ngamaqumrhu karhulumente waseTshayina ngaxeshanye ziphembelela izinto ezintsha kwicandelo lempahla yokusebenza. Ukuqiniswa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko emsebenzini, kunye nenkuthazo yophando kunye nophuhliso lwempahla yokhuseleko, ikhuthaza abavelisi ukuba bamkele inkqubela phambili yobugcisa yamva nje. Le migaqo-nkqubo ayiqinisekisi kuphela ukukhuselwa kwabasebenzi kodwa ikhuthaza ukulungelelaniswa nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, okwenza iimveliso zaseTshayina zikhuphisane ngakumbi kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Ii-hubs ezintsha ezixhaswa ngurhulumente kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwezemfundo, ishishini, kunye neefemu zetekhnoloji zikhuthaza imeko yentsebenziswano kuphuculo oluqhubekayo oluchaphazela itekhnoloji yelaphu, i-automation ye-automation, kunye neeprothokholi zovavanyo lokhuseleko.

Ukuqukumbela, amandla aqhubela phambili imakethi yempahla yokhuseleko yaseTshayina inamacala amaninzi kwaye ixhomekeke kwelinye. Impumelelo yenzululwazi yezinto eziphathekayo, indibaniselwano yobuchwephesha obunxibekayo, amanyathelo ozinzo, iifilosofi zoyilo lwe-ergonomic, kunye nezikhokelo zolawulo ezixhasayo ngokudibeneyo zimele inkqubo entsha eguqukayo yendalo. Njengoko i-China iqhubeka nokuphucula le nkqubela phambili, isidima sayo "kwisinxibo sase-China" siyatshintsha ukusuka kwindawo yokuvelisa eyonga iindleko ukuya kwinkokeli ekusungulweni kwempahla yokhuseleko, ephembelela imigangatho yehlabathi kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zabasebenzi bemizi-mveliso kwihlabathi liphela.

- Imiba ephambili yokubeka iChina njengeNkokeli kwiMveliso yeMsebenzi

Ukuvela kweTshayina njengendlu yamandla yehlabathi jikelele kwimveliso yempahla yokusebenza kusisiphumo sokudityaniswa kwezinto ezininzi ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nezangaphakathi eziqhubele isizwe phambili kushishino lwempahla yokhuseleko. Kumxholo "wesinxibo saseTshayina," kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba ezi zinto ziphambili zinxibelelana njani ukubeka iTshayina hayi nje ngokuba ngumvelisi ophambili, kodwa njengomqambi kunye nomseki webhentshi kwimarike yempahla yokusebenza yehlabathi. Ukusuka kwiziseko zophuhliso ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto ukuya kubasebenzi abanezakhono eziphezulu, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye nokugxila kumgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa, isakhono saseTshayina kwimveliso yempahla yokusebenza ibanzi kwaye inamacala amaninzi.

Enye yezinto ezisisiseko eziqhuba ukongamela kweTshayina kwimveliso yempahla yokusebenza sisiseko sayo semizi-mveliso eyomeleleyo. Ilizwe liqhayisa ngothungelwano olubanzi lweefektri kunye namaqela emizi-mveliso asebenza ngokukodwa kwimveliso yelaphu, ukwenziwa kwempahla, kunye nempahla yokhuseleko ngokukodwa. Ezi ndawo zokuvelisa, ikakhulu ezibekwe kumaphondo anje ngeGuangdong, Zhejiang, kunye neJiangsu, zibonelela ngesiseko esisembindini, esithoba iindleko kwaye sicuthe amaxesha okukhokela. Olu gxininiso luthetha ukuba abavelisi bayakwazi ukufikelela kwizinto eziluhlaza, oomatshini abaphambili, kunye nokusebenza kwezakhono ngokusondeleyo, okukhokelela kumjikelo wemveliso osebenza ngakumbi kunye namaxabiso okhuphiswano. Kwiinkampani ezifuna amaqabane athembekileyo phantsi kwegama elingundoqo elithi "isinxibo saseTshayina," esi siphumo seqela senza lula ukuthenga kunye nolawulo lwekhonkco lokubonelela.

Ukongeza kwiziseko ezingundoqo, abasebenzi baseTshayina abanezakhono eziphezulu nabanamava yiasethi ebalulekileyo. Ubukho bezigidi zabasebenzi abanobuchule bokuthunga, ukuphatha ilaphu, ukuyila, kunye nolawulo lomgangatho kwenza abavelisi bagcine imigangatho ephezulu yemveliso. Uninzi lwaba basebenzi luneminyaka, ukuba ayingomashumi eminyaka, yamava ngeempahla zokhuseleko, ukuqonda iimfuno ezikhethekileyo, ezinjengokumelana nedangatye, ukukhuselwa kwemichiza, kunye nokuqina, ezifunwa yimpahla yokusebenza. Obu buchule buqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso eziveliswe eTshayina azihlangani nje kuphela kodwa zihlala zigqitha imigangatho yokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kubathengi behlabathi ababeka igama labo lebrendi kubaboneleli baseTshayina.

Ubuchule obutsha bobugcisa bukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni isikhundla saseTshayina njengenkokeli kurhwebo lwempahla yokusebenza. Abavelisi baseTshayina batyala imali eninzi koomatshini abaphambili abanje ngeenkqubo zokuthunga ezizenzekelayo, itekhnoloji yokusika i-laser, kunye noshicilelo lwelaphu lwekhompyutha. Ngaphaya koko, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yelaphu, kubandakanywa ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphezulu zokusebenza njengamalaphu achasene ne-static, iingubo zokugquma kwamanzi, kunye neempahla eziphefumulayo kodwa ezikhuselayo, ziwuphakamisile umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweengubo ezivelisiweyo. Olu tshintsho lulungelelaniswa nokunyuka kwemfuno yehlabathi yempahla ekhuselekileyo yokhuseleko, evumela i-China ukuba ihlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemarike kunye nokwenza iimveliso ngokufanelekileyo.

Ulawulo lomgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nolawulo lwamazwe ngamazwe zizinto ezongezelelweyo ezichaza ubunkokeli baseTshayina ekwenzeni iimpahla zokusebenza. Iifektri ezinkulu zaseTshayina zamkele iziqinisekiso zehlabathi ezifana ne-ISO, i-OEKO-TEX, kunye nemigangatho ye-EN, ebonisa ukuzibophelela kwabo kukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Oku kubambelela kwiiprothokholi zovavanyo olungqongqo kuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zokusebenza ezenziwe eTshayina zinokusasazwa ngokuzithemba kuyo yonke imimandla eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya imakethi engqongqo yePPE yaseYurophu kunye nemithetho eyomeleleyo yokhuseleko emsebenzini yaseMntla Melika. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa iimveliso ezithobelayo kwizikhundla zesikali "isinxibo saseTshayina" kungekuphela nje njengokhetho olusebenzayo kodwa njengomthombo othembekileyo kwiinkampani kwihlabathi liphela.

Enye into emisela ukongama kwe-China yinkqubo yelizwe edityanisiweyo yonikezelo lwendalo. Ukusuka ekufumaneni iintsinga ezikrwada ukuya ekudayeni, ukusika, ukuthunga, kunye nokupakishwa, uninzi lwenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso yenzeka ekhaya. Oku kudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulibaziseka kunye nokuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokubonelela, okuluncedo kukhuphiswano ngakumbi ngamaxesha okungaqiniseki kwehlabathi. Ikwanika abavelisi ulawulo oluthe kratya kumgangatho kunye neendleko, bebaxhobisa ukuba babonelele ngeemveliso kunye neenkonzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu xa kuthelekiswa nabakhuphisana nabaxhomekeke kumakhonkco obonelelo asasaziweyo.

Iziseko zolungiselelo lolungiselelo zikwakhulisa amandla eTshayina okulawula imarike yempahla yokusebenza yehlabathi. Ngamanye awona mazibuko axakekileyo ehlabathi, uthungelwano lukaloliwe olubanzi, kunye nemijelo yothutho yomoya esebenzayo, abavelisi baseTshayina banokuthumela iimpahla ezinkulu zokusebenza kubaxumi bamanye amazwe ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo. Lo mngcelele wolungiselelo uqinisekisa unikezelo olukhawulezileyo, uqwalaselo oluphambili kumashishini afana nokwakha, ukuvelisa, kunye neenkonzo zikaxakeka ezisebenza ngamaxesha angqongqo kwaye zifuna ukubonelela ngokuqhubekayo kwempahla yokhuseleko.

Okokugqibela, inkxaso eyomeleleyo karhulumente kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo idibanisa isikhundla saseTshayina njengenkokeli yehlabathi. Amanyathelo ahlukeneyo okuqinisa ukuveliswa kwemveliso, inkuthazo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo, kunye noqeqesho lomsebenzi wobugcisa abonisa ukubeka phambili kwesicwangciso-qhinga sikarhulumente wase-China secandelo lempahla yamalaphu nempahla, kubandakanywa impahla yokusebenza. Le meko yomgaqo-nkqubo ikhuthaza ukukhula okuzinzileyo kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo, okwenza ilizwe lihlale liphambi kokutshintsha kweentsingiselo zemarike kunye nenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe.

Ngokudityanisiweyo, ezi zinto—iziseko ezibanzi zemizi-mveliso, abasebenzi abanezakhono, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuthotyelwa komgangatho ongqongqo, amatyathanga obonelelo ahlangeneyo, ulungiselelo oluluqilima, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente exhasayo—zibumba umqolo wobunkokeli baseTshayina kwimveliso yempahla yokusebenza. Kumashishini kunye nabachaphazelekayo kushishino abafuna izisombululo ezithembekileyo, ezintsha, kunye namaxabiso akhuphisanayo, igama elingundoqo elithi "isinxibo saseTshayina" alimeleli nje indawo yokukhangela kodwa i-ecosystem eguquguqukayo eqhuba ikamva lempahla yokhuseleko yehlabathi.

- Impembelelo yeMigangatho yoMsebenzi waseTshayina kwiMimiselo yoKhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe

**Impembelelo yeMigangatho yesinxibo saseTshayina kwiMigaqo yoKhuseleko lwaMazwe ngaMazwe**

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuvela kwembonakalo yomhlaba yempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina ayitshintshanga nje imarike yasekhaya kodwa iphinde yanempembelelo enkulu kwimithetho yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoko i-China iphuma njengendlu yamandla yokuvelisa kwihlabathi kunye nenkokeli ekuyilweni kwempahla yemizi-mveliso, imigangatho yayo yesinxibo somsebenzi iya iseka izithethe ezilawula isinxibo sokhuseleko kwihlabathi liphela. Le mpembelelo ibonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi, kubandakanywa iinzame zokulawula ukulungelelanisa, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye notshintsho oluqhutywa yimarike kulindelo lokhuseleko.

Ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kwemizi-mveliso yaseTshayina kunye nokukhula kwamacandelo emveliso kuye kwabangela ukuba kuphuhliswe imigangatho engqongqo yempahla yokusebenza eyenzelwe iimeko ezahlukeneyo nezihlala ziyingozi. Ngokwesiko, amazwe afana ne-United States, iKhanada, kunye namalungu e-European Union aye agcina imimiselo yokhuseleko esekelwe kakuhle emisela ubuncinane beemfuno zempahla ekhuselayo, ezifana nokuxhathisa idangatye, ukubonakala okuphezulu, ukukhuselwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuqina koomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, ukungena kwe-China kwibala kunye nemigangatho yayo ephucukileyo-efana naleyo inyanzeliswa yi-Standardization Administration yase-China (i-SAC)-iye yazisa i-paradigm entsha yeendlela zokukhusela iimpahla ezihambelanayo okanye ngamanye amaxesha zigqithise imilinganiselo yamazwe ngamazwe.

Enye yeempembelelo eziphambili zesinxibo somsebenzi imigangatho yaseTshayina kwimigaqo yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe kukuhamba ukuya ekuqondeni kunye nokuhambelana okusemgangathweni. Ngenxa yokuba abavelisi baseTshayina baye baba ngabathengisi abaphambili bempahla yokhuseleko lomsebenzi, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo kunye neemarike ezikhulayo, kuye kwakho ukutyhala ukulungelelanisa imigangatho yobugcisa yaseTshayina kunye nemigangatho ye-ISO (International Organisation for Standardization) kunye ne-EN (European Norm). Oku kuthunyelwa kwepoleni kuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla eziveliswe phantsi kolawulo lwaseTshayina lwezatifikethi zinokuhlangabezana okanye zilungele iimfuno zokhuseleko lwehlabathi, ukuququzelela urhwebo kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwihlabathi liphela.

Ngaphaya koko, ugxininiso lwaseTshayina kutshintsho lwempahla yokusebenza lukhuthaze ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yelaphu kunye neeprothokholi zovavanyo. Imigangatho yaseTshayina ngoku ibandakanya ubunjineli belaphu obuphambili, obufana nokuphefumla okuphuculweyo kudityaniswe neempawu ezibuyiswa ngamadangatya kunye noyilo oluphuculweyo lwe-ergonomic lokuthuthuzela abasebenzi. La manyathelo obuchwepheshe akhuthaza abalawuli bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba baphinde batyelele kwaye bahlaziye izikhokelo zabo zesinxibo sokhuseleko. Ngenxa yoko, kubekho isiphumo esibonakalayo sokuqhawuka apho amaqumrhu ezizwe ngezizwe athathela ingqalelo ukubandakanya izinto ezikhuthazwa yimigangatho yaseTshayina, njengemilinganiselo ethile yokusebenza yokuqina kwelaphu phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo okanye iimfuno zemathiriyeli ekhanyayo ephuculweyo.

Imiba yezoqoqosho nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kolu tshintsho. Umthamo kunye nesikali semveliso yempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina inike isinxibo sokusebenza esivela eTshayina esinexabiso eliphantsi kodwa esikumgangatho ophezulu kumashishini amaninzi ehlabathi. Oku kufikeleleka, kunye nokuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo yaseTshayina, kukhuthaze amanye amazwe ukuba alungelelanise imimiselo yawo ukuze alungele iimveliso ezivela eTshayina ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko. Kwezinye iimeko, abalawuli baye bamkela indlela yepragmatic ngakumbi ngokubhekisa imigangatho yaseTshayina ngaphakathi kwezakhelo zabo zolawulo, bevuma ngempumelelo ukuthembeka kunye nokomelela kwezatifikethi zempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina.

Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yokulawula, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwamaTshayina kwiikomiti zokumisela imigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe kuye kwanda ngokuphawulekayo. Iingcali ezisuka eTshayina ngoku zenza igalelo kulwazi lobugcisa kunye neenkcukacha ezinceda ukubumba imilinganiselo yokhuseleko yehlabathi. Oku kubandakanyeka kwentsebenziswano kuqinisekisa ukuba amava aseTshayina kunye neenyani zentengiso zibonakaliswa ekudalweni kwemigaqo yokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe yexesha elizayo, ukukhuthaza indlela ebumbene ngakumbi yehlabathi kwimigangatho yesinxibo somsebenzi.

Ngaphaya koko, impembelelo yemigangatho yempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina yanabela ekujonganeni nemingeni ekhulayo yokhuseleko lwehlabathi. Umzekelo, ukwanda kolwazi lokwenziwa kwemveliso ezinzileyo kunye ne-eco-friendly kuye kwabangela imigangatho yaseTshayina yokunxiba impahla yokusebenza ukuze idibanise iingqwalasela zendalo, kuquka nezithintelo kwiidayi ezinobungozi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Ezi zikhokelo zokukhathalela indalo esingqongileyo sele ziqalisile ukuphembelela imimiselo yesinxibo sokhuseleko kumazwe ngamazwe, ukutyhalela imigangatho yehlabathi kwiinkqubo ezizinzileyo ezinceda abasebenzi kunye neplanethi.

Iimpembelelo zesinxibo sase-China zikwaqaqambisa uguquko lwe-geopolitical dynamics kwimarike yempahla yokhuseleko yehlabathi. Njengoko i-China iqhubeka nokuzibonakalisa njengenkokeli ekuthotyelweni kwempahla yokusebenza yokhuseleko kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezigqeba ezilawulayo ziyayiqaphela imfuneko yokuziqhelanisa nalo mthombo omtsha wempembelelo yokulawula. Oku kukhokelela ekwamkelweni okubanzi kwemigangatho yaseTshayina njengemilinganiselo kuneyokuphuma ngaphandle, okunegalelo kunxibelelwano oluthe kratya kunye nesakhelo sehlabathi esihambelanayo sempahla yokhuseleko emsebenzini.

Lilonke, unxibelelwano phakathi kwemigangatho yempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina kunye nemithetho yokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe igxininisa ukubaluleka okukhulayo kwendima yaseTshayina hayi njengendawo yokuvelisa kodwa njengomgaqo ophambili kunye nomqhubi wokuqalisa. Ngokumisela imigangatho ephezulu yasekhaya kunye nokubandakanyeka ngokubonakalayo kwinqanaba lehlabathi, isinxibo saseTshayina sibumba ngenkuthalo ukuvela kwemithetho yesinxibo sokhuseleko kwihlabathi jikelele, ekugqibeleni siphucula ukhuseleko kunye nempilo entle yabasebenzi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo emizi-mveliso kumazwekazi onke.

- IiNdlela zexesha elizayo: Indlela iMarike yaseTshayina eyichaza ngayo ngokutsha iMfuno yeMpatho yoKhuseleko yeHlabathi

Njengoko uqoqosho lwehlabathi lukhula, imakethi yempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina ivela njengamandla abalulekileyo ekuqulunqeni ikamva lempahla yokhuseleko kwihlabathi liphela. Ubungakanani obukhulu bophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, ukwanda kogxininiso kukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, ukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji, kunye nokutshintsha kolindelo lwabathengi ngaphakathi kweTshayina ngokudibeneyo luchaza ngokutsha imo yehlabathi yempahla yokusebenza. Olu tshintsho, luqhutywa ligama elingundoqo elithi "i-workwear China," inika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nendlela isinxibo sokhuseleko senziwa ngokutsha, senziwe kwaye sifunwa kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe.

Okokuqala nokuphambili, ukukhula kwemizi-mveliso yase-China okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kukhawulezisa imfuno yezisombululo zempahla yokusebenza. Ngokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kumacandelo afana nokwakha, ukuvelisa, amandla, kunye nokuhanjiswa, ubungakanani beengozi emsebenzini bunyuke kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani zaseTshayina kunye nabalawuli batyhala imigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nezixhobo ezitsha kwiimpahla ezikhuselayo. Olu tyhalo lukhuthaza abavelisi basekhaya ukuba batyale imali eninzi kuphando nakuphuhliso, besenza amalaphu akhethekileyo adibanisa ukuqina, intuthuzelo, ukumelana namadangatye, kunye nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo. Ukunyuka kwamalaphu ahlakaniphile afakwe kwi-sensor ukujonga iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabasebenzi yindlela ephambili yexesha elizayo eqhutywa ziifemu zaseTshayina, ukubeka ibhenchmarks entsha yempahla yokhuseleko yehlabathi.

Indima yeTshayina njengendawo yemveliso yehlabathi ikhulisa ngakumbi impembelelo yayo kwiindlela zokunxiba zamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoyena mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomthengisi weempahla kunye nempahla, ilizwe libonelela ngesabelo esibalulekileyo sempahla yokhuseleko kumazwekazi onke. Ngokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zokuvelisa kunye nokwamkela i-Industry 4.0 imigaqo-kuquka ukuzenzekelayo, uhlalutyo lwedatha enkulu, kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) -abavelisi baseTshayina bafezekisa imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho ngelixa benciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zokhuseleko ezikumgangatho ophezulu eziphuhliswe eTshayina ziyafikeleleka kwiimarike zehlabathi jikelele, ukusuka kuMntla Merika ukuya eYurophu, eLatin America naseAfrika. Iibrendi kunye nabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle baya bejongeka ngakumbi “kwimpahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina” kungekuphela nje ukukhangela kodwa nanjengentsebenziswano ekuyilweni kwemveliso kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso okulungiselelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso.

Omnye umkhwa wexesha elizayo wokulungisa imfuno yempahla yokhuseleko yehlabathi usukela ekukhuleni kokuqonda kokusingqongileyo kwicandelo lempahla yokusebenza laseTshayina. Iqhutywa yiyo yomibini imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ejolise ekunciphiseni unyawo lwekhabhoni kunye nemfuno yabathengi yeemveliso ezilungele indalo, abavelisi bamkela iindlela ezizinzileyo zokufumana amalaphu, ukudaya, kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma. Uphuhliso lwempahla yokusebenza enokubola enokuphinda isetyenziswe, kunye nempahla eyilelwe uqoqosho olujikelezayo, kubonisa utshintsho oluthi iimarike zehlabathi zilandele umkhondo ngokusondeleyo. Olu lwazi lokusingqongileyo lungqanyaniswa notyhalo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwekhonkco lonikezelo oluluhlaza kwaye luguqula isinxibo sokhuseleko ukusuka kwizinto ezisetyenziswa kanye okanye ezilahlwayo zibe zizisombululo ezihlala ixesha elide, ezinoxanduva lokusingqongileyo.

Ukongeza kwizinto zobuchwepheshe kunye nokusingqongileyo, ukuvela kwamanani abasebenzi e-China kunefuthe kuyilo lwempahla yokhuseleko kunye nemfuno. Ngokunyuka kwabasebenzi abancinci, abanobuchule bobugcisa obuxabisa ubuntofontofo, isitayile, kunye nokusebenza ngokulinganayo nokhuseleko, isinxibo saseTshayina sisiba siyilwe ngokwe-ergonomically kwaye sicinge ngobuhle. Lo mkhwa utyhutyha ngaphaya kwemida yaseTshayina, njengoko abaqeshi behlabathi befuna isinxibo somsebenzi esinomtsalane kubasebenzi benkulungwane yeminyaka kunye nakwaGen Z kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukudityaniswa kweempawu zokhuseleko ezisebenzayo kunye neemvakalelo zefashoni zangoku kukuguqula isinxibo somsebenzi sibe yindlela yokuphila, ngokwenjenjalo sandise umda wentengiso.

Ngaphaya koko, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwiindlela zokuthengisa nokusasaza zaseTshayina kuguqula indlela iimpahla zokhuseleko ezithengiswa ngayo kwaye zithengiswe kwihlabathi jikelele. Amaqonga afana neemarike ze-Alibaba ze-B2B kunye nezinye izisombululo ze-e-commerce zenza ukuba abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bafumane iimpahla ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kubavelisi baseTshayina ngokungafihli kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Esi siseko sedijithali asikhawulezisi nje kuphela isantya sentengiselwano kodwa sikwakhuthaza ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okukhulu kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamacala okubonelela kunye nemfuno. Ukunyuka kolwazi oluqhutywa yidatha ukusuka kula maqonga kuvumela iinkampani ukuba ziqikelele iimfuno zeempahla zokhuseleko ezivelayo ngexesha lokwenyani, ukubeka iTshayina phambili kwishishini lehlabathi eliguqukayo neliphendulayo.

Okokugqibela, indawo yolawulo yaseTshayina yinto echazayo kwikamva lempahla yokusebenza. Uhlaziyo oluqhubekayo lukarhulumente lwemithetho yezempilo nokhuseleko emsebenzini, kunye nokusekwa kwemigangatho yesizwe yesinxibo somsebenzi, iphakamisa umgangatho osisiseko kunye nokusebenza kwempahla yokhuseleko eveliswa ekhaya. Le migangatho ihlala isebenza njengemodeli okanye ifuthe kwimimiselo yamazwe ngamazwe, ikhuthaza ukuvumelanisa kunye nokunyusa umgangatho wehlabathi jikelele. Okubalulekileyo, ukuthotyelwa kwezi mfuno zingqongqo kutyhalela abavelisi kutshintsho, ukwamkelwa kwetekhnoloji, kunye nokubonakala kwabaxhasi, ukwenza "isinxibo saseTshayina" sifane nokuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko oluphambili.

Ukuqukumbela, iindlela ezizayo eziqhutywa yintengiso yempahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina zininzi kwaye zinzulu. Ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemizi-mveliso, ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, ukulawulwa kokusingqongileyo, utshintsho lwabantu, ukwanda korhwebo lwedijithali, kunye nesikhokelo solawulo, i-China ichaza ngokutsha ukuba injani kwaye ilindeleke njani imakethi yempahla yokhuseleko yehlabathi. Kumashishini, abasebenzi, kunye nabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo kwihlabathi liphela, ukuqonda ezi ndlela zihamba phambili kubalulekile ekujongeni nasekuxhaseni iimfuno eziguqukayo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yendalo yokhuseleko yesinxibo sendalo esixhotyiswa “yimpahla yokusebenza yaseTshayina.”

Ukuqukumbela

Ngokuqinisekileyo! Nceda unikeze iimbono ezithile ongathanda ukuba sigqitywe kuzo, okanye ungathanda ukuba ndikucebise ngokusekwe kwisihloko?