Ngaba uyayazi indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa sisinxibo esimelana nomlilo ekugcineni abasebenzi bekhuselekile emsebenzini? Kwinqaku lethu elithi, "Ukuxhobisa uKhuseleko: Ukubaluleka kweSinxibo esinganyangekiyo kwidangatye," sihlola ukubaluleka kokunxiba iimpahla zeFR kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu. Fumanisa ukuba kutheni ukutyala imali kwimpahla esemgangathweni yeFR ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni intlalo-ntle yabasebenzi bakho kwaye ufunde malunga nenkqubela phambili yamva nje yetekhnoloji yokuxhathisa amadangatye. Hlala unolwazi kwaye ubeke phambili ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenzela ngokujonga ukubaluleka kwempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo.
Kwiindawo zokusebenza zemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, ukhuseleko kufuneka lusoloko luphambili. Ukususela kwimizi-mveliso ukuya kwimibhobho yeoli, abasebenzi basoloko bechanabeke kwiingozi ezinokukhokelela ekwenzakaleni okumandundu okanye kwanokufa. Enye yezona ngozi zixhaphakileyo kwezi ndawo kumngcipheko womlilo. Ukuze kukhuselwe abasebenzi kwesi soyikiso, iinkampani ezininzi zijikela kwisinxibo esixhathisa amadangatye njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo lokhuseleko.
Impahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimpahla ye-FR, yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutsha xa kuthe kwakho ukukhanya komlilo okanye i-arc flash. Ezi zambatho zenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo okanye ziphathwe ngokugqitywa kweekhemikhali ukubonelela ukumelana nomlilo. Umsebenzi oyintloko wempahla ye-FR kukuzicima ngokwakho xa ubonakaliswe ngamadangatye, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshisa okukhulu kunye nokuvumela abasebenzi ukuba babaleke kwiimeko ezinobungozi bengonakaliswa.
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwesinxibo esikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye kubalulekile kubo bobabini abaqeshi kunye nabasebenzi abakwiindawo zokusebenza eziyingozi. Kubaqeshi, ukutyalomali kwiimpahla ze-FR akuyona nje imfuneko yomthetho kumashishini amaninzi, kodwa kunye nesibophelelo sokuziphatha sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabasebenzi babo. Ngokubonelela abasebenzi ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela, iinkampani zinokunciphisa kakhulu ukubakho kweengozi zasemsebenzini kunye nesiphumo sokuphulukana nemveliso, isidima kunye namatyala asemthethweni anokubakho.
Kubasebenzi, ukunxiba iimpahla ezikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye ngumbandela wokhuseleko lomntu. Xa kwenzeka umlilo okanye ukuqhuma, iimpahla ze-FR zinokuthetha umahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa. Ngokunxiba iimpahla ze-FR ezifakwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zigcinwe, abasebenzi banokwandisa kakhulu amathuba abo okusinda kwisiganeko sokushisa kunye nokulimala okuncinci. Ukongeza, iimpahla ze-FR ziyilelwe ukuba zikhululeke kwaye ziphefumle, zivumela abasebenzi ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo ngaphandle kokuthintelwa zixhobo ezinkulu okanye ezithintelayo.
Xa ukhetha isinxibo esinganyangekiyo ngumlilo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iingozi ezithile ezikhoyo kwindawo yokusebenza. Amashishini ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zempahla ye-FR, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha iimpahla ezifanelekileyo kwiingozi ezithile abajongene nazo abasebenzi. Izinto ezifana nezinga lokukhusela elifunekayo, ixesha lokuvezwa kobushushu okanye amadangatye, kunye nohlobo lomsebenzi owenziwayo kufuneka zonke zithathelwe ingqalelo xa ukhetha i-FR isambatho.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuxhobisa abasebenzi ngesinxibo esinganyangekiyo ngumlilo ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokhuseleko kwiindawo zokusebenza eziyingozi. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kwempahla ye-FR kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo, iinkampani zinokwenza indawo yokusebenzela ekhuselekileyo kumntu wonke. Utyalo-mali kwiingubo eziphezulu ze-FR azikhuseli kuphela abasebenzi kwingozi enokwenzeka, kodwa kubonisa ukuzinikela ekukhuseleni kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yoshishino. Ekugqibeleni, ixabiso lesinxibo esinganyangekiyo ngamadangatye alinakugqithiswa xa kufikwa ekukhuseleni ubomi kunye nentlalo-ntle yabo basebenza kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu.
Isinxibo esikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye licandelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kwiindawo zokucoca ioli ukuya kwizityalo zekhemikhali, nakwishishini leemoto, isambatho esinganyangekiyo ngumlilo siyimfuneko ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kwiingozi zomlilo kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nobushushu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iimpawu eziphambili zesinxibo esixhathisa amadangatye kwaye siphonononge ukuba kutheni ukuxhobisa ukhuseleko kubalulekile nakweyiphi na indawo yokusebenza.
Enye yeempawu eziphambili zesinxibo esikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye kukukwazi ukuzicima ngokwaso xa sisesichengeni somlilo. Ngokungafaniyo nempahla eqhelekileyo, enokubamba umlilo ngokulula ize iqhubeke ivutha, impahla yokunxiba ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye yenzelwe ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwamadangatye, ekugqibeleni inika abasebenzi imizuzwana exabisekileyo yokusaba kwimeko eyingozi. Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu apho umngcipheko womlilo uhlala ukho.
Olunye uphawu olubalulekileyo lwesinxibo esimelana nedangatye kukukwazi ukuxhathisa ukunyibilika nokuvuza xa sisesichengeni sobushushu. Kwisiganeko esinxulumene nomlilo, into yokugqibela efunwa ngumsebenzi yimpahla enokunyibilika kwaye ibambelele esikhumbeni sayo, ibangele ukulimala ngakumbi. Isinxibo esinganyangekiyo somlilo senzelwe ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa ingqibelelo yawo, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo lwabasebenzi abakwiindawo ezinobungozi.
Ngaphaya koko, isinxibo esimelana nedangatye sihlala senziwe ngezinto ezithile ezikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye. Ezi zixhobo, ezifana ne-meta-aramid, i-para-aramid, kunye ne-modacrylic, zineepropati ezenza ukuba zixhathise amadangatye kunye nobushushu, ziqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesambatho. Ukongeza, isinxibo esinganyangekiyo kwidangatye sihlala siyilwe ngokuthungwa okongeziweyo kunye nokuvalwa kokuthintela isambatho ukuba singaqhekeki phantsi koxinzelelo, siphucula ngakumbi iimpawu zayo zokhuseleko.
Ukongeza kwiipropathi zayo zokukhusela, isinxibo esinganyangekiyo kwidangatye sikwayilwe ngokuthuthuzela kunye nokuphefumla engqondweni. Abasebenzi abakwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu kaninzi kufuneka banxibe izixhobo zabo zokukhusela ixesha elide, ngoko ke intuthuzelo ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bangayenza imisebenzi yabo ngokufanelekileyo. Isinxibo esimelana nedangatye siqhelekile ukuba khaphukhaphu kwaye siyaphefumla, sivumela ukuhamba kunye nokuthuthuzeleka kulo lonke usuku lomsebenzi.
Ukuxhobisa abasebenzi ngempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye ngumba obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yoshishino. Ngokubonelela abasebenzi ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokukhusela, abaqeshi banokunciphisa umngcipheko weziganeko ezinxulumene nomlilo kunye nokulimala, ekugqibeleni badale indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza kuwo wonke umntu. Ukutyalomali kwimpahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatya ayisosigqibo esisebenzayo kuphela kodwa kukwasinyanzelo sokuziphatha sokukhusela intlalo-ntle yabasebenzi.
Ukuqukumbela, isinxibo esikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kwiingozi zomlilo neengozi ezinxulumene nobushushu. Ngeempawu zayo zokuzicima, ukuxhathisa ukunyibilika kunye nokuvuza, kunye neempawu zokuthuthuzela, isinxibo sokumelana namadangatye siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko emsebenzini. Ngokubeka phambili ukuxhotyiswa kwabasebenzi ngempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye, abaqeshi banokudala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo kubasebenzi babo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukubaluleka kokunxiba isinxibo esinganyangekiyo kwidangatye kumashishini ahlukeneyo kuye kwacaca ngakumbi. Abaqeshi nabasebenzi ngokufanayo bayayiqonda ingenelo yokutyala imali kwimpahla ekumgangatho ophezulu ekwazi ukumelana namadangatye ukuze kuqinisekwe ukhuseleko emsebenzini. Ukusuka kwiindawo zokwakha ukuya kwimizi-mveliso, iimpahla ezixhathisa amadangatye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abantu kwiingozi zomlilo nobushushu.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokunxiba isinxibo esinganyangekiyo kwidangatye kukukwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokwenzakala okumandundu xa kuthe kwakho umlilo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo. Impahla yemveli eyenziwe ngezinto ezifana nekotoni okanye i-polyester inokubamba umlilo ngokulula kwaye iqhubeke nokutshisa, ibeka umntu oyinxibileyo emngciphekweni wokutshisa kunye nokunye ukulimala. Impahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye, kwelinye icala, yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuxhathisa ukuvutha nokuthintela ukusasazeka kwamadangatye, inika abantu ixesha elixabisekileyo lokubaleka kwiimeko eziyingozi.
Ukongeza ekunikezeni ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo kwimeko yomlilo, isambatho esixhathisa idangatye sikwabonelela ngokuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokuthuthuzela. Amalaphu akumgangatho ophezulu okumelana namadangatye enzelwe ukumelana nobunzima bemihla ngemihla yokunxiba kunye nokukrazula, okwenza kube lukhetho oluthembekileyo kubasebenzi abakwiindawo ezifunayo. Ukuphefumla kunye neempawu zokucima ukufuma kwempahla ekwazi ukumelana namadangatye ikwanceda ukugcina abasebenzi bepholile kwaye bomile, okomeleza intuthuzelo kunye nokusebenza komsebenzi ngokubanzi.
Olunye uncedo oluphambili lokunxiba isinxibo esinganyangekiyo ngumlilo kukuthotyelwa kwayo nemigangatho yokhuseleko lweshishini kunye nemimiselo. Abaqeshi kufuneka babonelele ngendawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kubasebenzi babo, kwaye oku kubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakhuselekile ngokufanelekileyo kwiingozi zomlilo kunye nobushushu. Ngokuxhobisa abasebenzi babo ngempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye, abaqeshi banokubonisa ukuzibophelela kwabo kukhuseleko lwasemsebenzini nokunciphisa umngcipheko wezohlwayo ezibiza imali eninzi kunye namatyala asemthethweni.
Ngaphaya koko, ukunxiba isinxibo esinganyangekiyo kwidangatye kunokuba nefuthe elihle kukuziphatha kwenkampani kunye nemveliso. Xa abasebenzi beziva bekhuselekile kwaye bekhuselekile kwindawo abahlala kuyo, badla ngokugxila kwimisebenzi yabo kwaye basebenze kangangoko banako. Ngokutyala imali kwimpahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye, abaqeshi banokudala inkcubeko yokhuseleko nokuba sempilweni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwanelisekeni komsebenzi okwandisiweyo kunye nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuxhobisela ukhuseleko ngempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye kubalulekile ekukhuseleni abantu abakumashishini asemngciphekweni omkhulu kwiingozi zomlilo nobushushu. Izibonelelo zokunxiba iimpahla ezixhathisa amadangatye, kubandakanywa umngcipheko wokulimala oncitshisiweyo, ukuqina, intuthuzelo, ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokhuseleko, kunye nokuziphatha okuphuculweyo, kwenza kube lutyalo-mali olufanelekileyo kubaqeshi kunye nabasebenzi ngokufanayo. Ngokubeka phambili ukhuseleko kunye nokubonelela ngezixhobo zokukhusela eziyimfuneko, imibutho inokudala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nenemveliso kubo bonke.
Kwiindawo zokusebenzela zanamhlanje, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokukhusela abasebenzi kwiingozi zamadangatye nobushushu kukusebenzisa isinxibo esimelana nomlilo. Esi sinxibo esikhethekileyo senzelwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala xa kwenzeka ukutshatyalaliswa komlilo okanye ukushisa okuphezulu.
Imigangatho yoshishino yempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abasebenzi bakhuselwe ngokwaneleyo. Le migangatho ichaza iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ukuba iimpahla ezichasene nedangatye kufuneka zihlangane ukuze zikhuseleke ngokufanelekileyo kumadangatye kunye nobushushu. Ngokuthobela le migangatho, abaqeshi banokuba nentembelo yokuba abasebenzi babo baxhotyiswe ngezona zixhobo zokhuseleko zikumgangatho ophezulu.
Enye yezona migangatho zibalulekileyo zoshishino lwempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo yiNFPA 70E, epapashwe nguMbutho woKhuseleko loMlilo weSizwe. Lo mgangatho ubonelela ngezikhokelo zokhetho, ukhathalelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye ukukhusela kwi-arc flash kunye nezinye iingozi zombane. I-NFPA 70E ibeka ubuncinane beemfuno zokusebenza kwempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo, iqinisekisa ukuba iya kubonelela ngenqanaba elifunekayo lokhuseleko kwiindawo ezinobungozi obuphezulu.
Omnye umgangatho weshishini ophambili wesinxibo esixhathisa amadangatye yi-ASTM F1506, echaza iimfuno zokusebenza kwempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye ukuze kukhuselwe iingozi ezishushu ze-arc flash kunye nomlilo odanyazayo. Lo mgangatho umisela indlela yokwenziwa kwelaphu, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokuleyibhelishwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba impahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye iya kuhlangabezana neemfuno eziqatha zommandla woshishino.
Xa bekhethela abasebenzi babo isinxibo esinganyangekiyo ngumlilo, abaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba impahla iyahlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho yoshishino efanelekileyo. Oku akubandakanyi kuphela iimfuno zokusebenza ezichazwe kwi-NFPA 70E kunye ne-ASTM F1506, kodwa nayo nayiphi na imigangatho eyongezelelweyo enokusebenza kwishishini elithile okanye kwindawo yokusebenza.
Ukongeza kwimigangatho yoshishino, abaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abasebenzi babo baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo ekusebenziseni kunye nokunyamekela kwempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo. Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo lunokunceda abasebenzi baqonde ukubaluleka kokunxiba impahla ekwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye kunye nendlela yokuhlola nokugcina izixhobo zabo zokukhusela ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokutyala imali kwiinkqubo zoqeqesho, abaqeshi banokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi babo bayakwazi ukuzikhusela ngokufanelekileyo xa kukho umlilo okanye enye ingozi yokushisa.
Isinxibo esikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kwiingozi zamadangatye nobushushu kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso. Ngokuthobela imigangatho yoshishino kunye nokubonelela abasebenzi ngoqeqesho oluyimfuneko, abaqeshi banokunceda ukudala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kumntu wonke. Xa kuziwa kukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, ukubaxhobisa ngesinxibo esikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye ayisondlela nje elungileyo – ibalulekile.
Kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokusebenzela apho kukho umngcipheko wokuvezwa amadangatye okanye ubushushu, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Isinxibo esikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abasebenzi ekutshisweni kunye nokwenzakala okumandundu okunokwenzeka kwezi meko. Nangona kunjalo, ngokhetho oluninzi olukhoyo kwimarike, kunokuba nzima ukukhetha isinxibo esifanelekileyo sokumelana nedangatye kwiimfuno zakho zendawo yokusebenza.
Xa ukhetha isinxibo esikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iingozi ezithile ezikhoyo kwindawo yakho yokusebenza. Amashishini ahlukeneyo anokuba neemfuno ezahlukeneyo xa kuziwa ekuxhathiseni amadangatye, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha isinxibo esihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo kwishishini lakho. Umzekelo, abasebenzi kwishishini le-oyile kunye negesi banokuthi bavezwe kwiingozi ezahlukeneyo kunezo zikushishino lombane, ngoko ke iimfuno zabo zempahla ezixhathisa amadangatye ziya kwahluka ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni iingozi ezithile zendawo osebenza kuyo, kukwabalulekile ukuqwalasela inqanaba lokhuseleko olunikezelwa sisinxibo sakho esixhathisa amadangatye. Iingubo ezahlukeneyo zinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokuchasana nomlilo, ngoko kubalulekile ukukhetha isambatho esinika inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokukhusela umsebenzi. Amanye amalaphu, afana ne-Nomex kunye ne-Kevlar, anokumelana nomlilo kakhulu kwaye ahlala esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu.
Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha isinxibo esinganyangekiyo ngumlilo kukuthuthuzela kwaye kufanelekile. Abasebenzi abangakhululekanga kwiimpahla zabo zokhuseleko abanakufane banxibe ngokuqhubekayo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha impahla ekulungeleyo ukunxiba ixesha elide. Ukongeza, iimpahla ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo ziyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwayo kwimeko kaxakeka. Impahla engafanelekanga inokuthintela ukuhamba kwaye yandise umngcipheko wokulimala kwimeko yengozi.
Xa ukhetha isambatho esinganyangekiyo somlilo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuqina kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa kweengubo. Impahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nobunzima bemihla ngemihla yokugqoka kunye nokukrazula kwindawo yokusebenzela, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha iingubo ezihlala zihlala kwaye kulula ukuzinyamekela. Ukugcinwa rhoqo, okufana nokuhlamba ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi kunye nokukhangela iimpawu zokuguga, kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwempahla ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukukhetha isinxibo esifanelekileyo sokumelana nedangatye kwindawo yakho yokusebenza kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bakho. Ngokuqwalasela iingozi ezithile zendawo osebenza kuyo, inqanaba lokhuseleko olufunekayo, ukuthuthuzeleka kunye nokufaneleka, kunye nokuqina kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa, unokukhetha isinxibo esiya kugcina abasebenzi bakho bekhuselekile kwimeko yomlilo okanye enye imeko kaxakeka. Utyalo-mali kwimpahla ekumgangatho ophezulu ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo ayisiyomfuneko yomthetho kuphela kumashishini amaninzi, kodwa ikwalinyathelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni eyona asethi ixabisekileyo kulo naliphi na ishishini – abasebenzi balo.
Ukuqukumbela, kucacile ukuba ukuxhobisa abasebenzi ngesinxibo esikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatye kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabo kwiindawo ezinokuba yingozi. Nokuba kukukhusela ekutshisweni, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokonzakala, okanye ukunika uxolo lwengqondo kubo bobabini abaqeshwa kunye nabaqeshi, isinxibo esinganyangekiyo ngumlilo sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko jikelele emsebenzini. Utyalo-mali kwiingubo ezichasene nelangatye ezisemgangathweni akusiyo kuphela isigqibo soshishino esilumkileyo, kodwa kukuzinikela kwintlalontle kunye nokhuseleko lwabo baphambili imihla ngemihla. Ngokubeka phambili ukubaluleka kwesinxibo esixhathisa amadangatye, iinkampani zinokudala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kwaye ekugqibeleni zisindise ubomi. Masiqhubeke sibeka phambili ukhuseleko kwaye siqinisekise ukuba wonke umsebenzi uxhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngezixhobo zokukhusela eziyimfuneko.